[DBP] The DarkBASIC Pro software renderer.

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dark coder

22

Years of Service

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Joined: 6th Oct 2002

Location: Japan

Posted: 19th Mar 2007 10:43 Edited at: 19th Mar 2007 10:46

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The DarkBASIC Pro software renderer.

What is it?
This is a software renderer for DBP, where triangles and objects are drawn using the CPU. The original 3D camera and projection code is by Lower Logic, http://forum.thegamecreators.com/?m=forum_view&t=99092&b=6 I created the object/Tri handling code and tri filling code.

What features does it have?

Objects - You can create 3D objects and have triangles grouped with them, for scale / position / colour etc.

Vertex manipulation - In realtime you can edit all vertecie positions(as they are in an array)

Object settings - Object opacity / scale / position / diffuse.

Wireframe modes - There are 5 wireframe modes to chose from.

What features are planned?

Object rotation - Currently you cannot rotate objects.

Gouraud shading - Support for Gouraud shading is planned.

Vertex diffuse/alpha - Support for more vertex settings are planned.

Z-Depth - Per vertex Z-Depth is planned.

Poly clipping - Fixing the issue with pixels overlapping.

Why use it?

This was more of a fun experiment than anything, I hope to optimize the rendering of the triangles as it's currently rather slow when you have to render a large surface.

Also anyone can feel free to improve the code / make optimizations etc, and again credit to Lower Logic for doing the hard part of the code(bottom 2 functions).

How can I run this?

To run the code below you will need at lest DBP U6.3(coded using) and Cloggys DLL which is used to draw the 2D lines.
http://forum.thegamecreators.com/?m=forum_view&t=69221&b=5

Gosub Init_Main
Gosub Variables_Declare_Camera
Gosub Variables_Declare_Timers
Gosub Variables_Declare_Object

InitPerfTimer()

Make_Object_Plain( 1 , 5 , 5 )               : Position_Object( 1 ,  15 , 0 , 0 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 1 , 255 , 0   , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 1 , 210 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 2 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 0 )   : Position_Object( 2 , -5 , 0 , 0  ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 2 , 0   , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 2 , 200 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 3 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 3 , -5 , 0 , 15 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 3 , 255 , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 3 , 150 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 4 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 4 , -5 , 0 , 30 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 4 , 0   , 0   , 255 ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 4 , 100 )

Position_Camera( 30 , 20 , -20 )
    Rotate_Camera( 10 , -40 , 0)

Do
   GetElapsed()
   Debug()

Move_Camera(      (Keystate(17) - Keystate(31)) * Duration * 20 )
   Move_Camera_Left( (Keystate(32) - Keystate(30)) * Duration * 20 )

Rotate_Camera( Camera_Angle_X() + MouseMoveY() , Camera_Angle_Y() + MouseMoveX() , 0 )

Sync_Camera(0)
Loop

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Debug()

Text 0 , 0 , "FPS: " + Str$( Screen FPS() )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Init_Main:

Sync On
   Sync Rate 0
   Hide Mouse

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Timers:

Global OldTime          As Double integer
    Global TimeGap          As Double integer
    Global FrameGap         As Double integer
    Global CurTime          As Double integer

Global Duration         As Float
    Global Fps              As Float
    Global OldFps           As Float
    Global Elapsed          As Float

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function InitPerfTimer()
   Load DLL "kernel32.dll", 1
      Ptr     = make memory(8)
      Null    = Call Dll(1, "QueryPerformanceFrequency", Ptr )
      TimeGap = (*Ptr)
   Delete DLL 1
   OldTime   = Perftimer()
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function GetElapsed()
    CurTime   = Perftimer()
    FrameGap  = CurTime - OldTime
    OldTime   = Perftimer()
    Fps       = TimeGap / FrameGap
    Fps       = ( Fps + OldFps ) * 0.5
    OldFps    = Fps
    Elapsed   = 1000 / Fps
    Duration  = Elapsed * 0.001
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`*************************************************************************
`**                                                                     **
`**        DBP Software renderer - Carlos 'Darkcoder' Wilkes            **
`**        Original Camera/3D projection code by Lower Logic            **
`**                                                                     **
`*************************************************************************

Function Sync_Camera( CameraID As Dword )

Local ObjectID As Dword

`Lock Pixels

`ScreenWidth   = Screen Width()
        `PixelsPointer = Get Pixels Pointer()

For Tris = 0 To Array Count( Tri(0) )

If Tri(Tris).Exist
            ObjectID = Tri(Tris).ObjectID
             If Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 0
                If Object(ObjectID).Opacity

Draw_Tri( CameraID , Tris , ObjectID )

Endif
             Endif
          Endif

Next Tris

`--------------------------- Draw the camera view
        D3D_Color 255,255,0,255
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).StartY  ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).StartY
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1

D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndY

`UnLock Pixels
    Sync
    D3D_Box Camera(CameraID).StartX , Camera(CameraID).StartY , Camera(CameraID).EndX , Camera(CameraID).EndY , D3D_RGBA( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB , BackdropA )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Colour_Backdrop( R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte , A As Byte )

BackdropR = R
    BackdropG = G
    BackdropB = B
    BackdropA = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Draw_Tri( CameraID As Dword , TriID As Dword , ObjectID As Dword )

Local X        As Float
    Local Y        As Float
    Local Z        As Float
    Local P1       As Integer
    Local P2       As Integer
    Local P3       As Integer
    Local Perc     As Float
    Local Perc2    As Float
    Local Diff1    As Float
    Local Diff2    As Float
    Local Scans    As Float
    Local LDown    As Float
    Local Down     As Float
    Local FullSize As Integer
    Local TopSize  As Integer
    Local BotSize  As Integer
    Local X1Shift  As Float
    Local X2Shift  As Float
    Local X3Shift  As Float
    Local SX       As Float
    Local SY       As Float
    Local SZ       As Float

SX = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleX
    SY = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleY
    SZ = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleZ
    X  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).X
    Y  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Y
    Z  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Z

Get_Tri_Point( 0 , Tri(TriID).X1 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y1 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z1 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 1 , Tri(TriID).X2 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y2 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z2 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 2 , Tri(TriID).X3 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y3 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z3 * SZ + Z )

D3D_Color Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB , Object(ObjectID).Opacity

If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 1 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2

D3D_Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
        D3D_Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y
        D3D_Line Points(2).X , Points(2).Y , Points(0).X , Points(0).Y
    Else
        If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 4

D3D_Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
            D3D_Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y

Endif
    Endif

If Points(0).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(0).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction

If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 0 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3

If Points(1).Y < Points(0).Y  Then P1 = 1
      If Points(2).Y < Points(P1).Y Then P1 = 2
      If P1 = 0
         If Points(1).X < Points(2).X
            P2 = 1 : P3 = 2
         Else
            P2 = 2 : P3 = 1
         Endif
      Else
         If P1 = 1
            If Points(0).X < Points(2).X
               P2 = 0 : P3 = 2
            Else
               P2 = 2 : P3 = 0
            Endif
         Else
            If P1 = 2
               If Points(0).X < Points(1).X
                  P2 = 0 : P3 = 1
               Else
                  P2 = 1 : P3 = 0
               Endif
            Endif
         Endif
      Endif

If Points(P3).Y > Points(P2).Y
         TopSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P2).Y
         FullSize = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y

X1Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X1Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P2).X + X3Shift * LScans , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Else
         TopSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y
         FullSize = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P3).Y

X1Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X1Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans , Down , Points(P3).X - X3Shift * LScans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Endif

Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID As Dword , X1 As Integer , Y As Integer , X2 As Integer )

If X1 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If X2 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If Y1 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).StartY
    If Y2 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).EndY

If X1 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If X2 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If Y1 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).EndY
    If Y2 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).StartY

If Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY Or Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY Then ExitFunction

D3D_Line X1 , Y , X2 , Y

`For Draw = 5 To 15
    `    Pointer  = ( PixelsPointer + ( Draw + ( Y * ScreenWidth ) ) * 4 )
    `    *Pointer = RGB( 255 , 255 , 255 )
    `Next Draw

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Plain( ObjectID As Dword , Width As Float , height As Float )

Local TriID As Dword

Make_Object( ObjectID )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 , - Width , - height , 0 )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Diffuse( ObjectID As Dword , R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR = R
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG = G
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB = B

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Object_Exist( ObjectID As Dword )

If ObjectID <= Array Count( Object(0) )

If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

ExitFunction 1

Endif

EndFunction 0

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Scale_Object( ObjectID As Dword , ScaleX As Float , ScaleY As Float , ScaleZ As Float )

Object(ObjectID).ScaleX = ScaleX * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleY = ScaleY * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ = ScaleZ * 0.01

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Opacity( ObjectID As Dword , A As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).Opacity = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Wireframe( ObjectID As Dword , WF As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = WF

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Visibility( ObjectID As Dword , Flag As Boolean )

Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 1 - Flag

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Object( ObjectID As Dword , X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

Object(ObjectID).X = X
   Object(ObjectID).Y = Y
   Object(ObjectID).Z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Cylinder( ObjectID As Dword , Height As Float , Radius As Float , Sides As Float , Capped )

Local TriID As Dword
   Local Diff  As Float
   Local Ang   As Float

Diff = 360.0 / Sides

Make_Object( ObjectID )

For Cyl = 1 To Sides

TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang + Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang + Diff ) * Radius )
      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff        ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius )

Ang = Ang + Diff

Next Cyl

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object( ObjectID As Dword )

Local ArrCount As Dword

ArrCount = Array Count(Object(0))

If ObjectID > ArrCount

Dim Object(ObjectID) As ObjectType

Else

If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

Exit Prompt "Object " + Str$( ObjectID ) + " alredy exists!" , "Error::Make_Object"
         End

Endif

Object(ObjectID).Exist     = 1
   Object(ObjectID).Hidden    = 0
   Object(ObjectID).X         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Y         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Z         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).XRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).YRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).ZRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Tris      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Opacity   = 255
   Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = 0
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleX    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleY    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ    = 1.0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Tri( ObjectID As Dword )

Local Cell As Dword

Array Insert At Bottom Tri(0)

Cell = Array Count( Tri(0) )

Tri(Cell).Exist    = 1
   Tri(Cell).ObjectID = ObjectID

EndFunction Cell

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Tri( TriID As Dword , X1 As Float , Y1 As Float , Z1 As Float , X2 As Float , Y2 As Float , Z2 As Float , X3 As Float , Y3 As Float , Z3 As Float )

Local Check As Boolean

If Array Index Valid( Tri(0) ) Then Check = 1
   If Tri(TriID).Exist            Then Check = 1

If Check

Tri(TriID).X1 = X1
      Tri(TriID).Y1 = Y1
      Tri(TriID).Z1 = Z1
      Tri(TriID).X2 = X2
      Tri(TriID).Y2 = Y2
      Tri(TriID).Z2 = Z2
      Tri(TriID).X3 = X3
      Tri(TriID).Y3 = Y3
      Tri(TriID).Z3 = Z3

Else

Exit Prompt "Triangle " + Str$( TriID ) + " Doesn't exist!" , "Error::Position_Tri"

Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Object:

Type ObjectType
      Exist       As Boolean
      Hidden      As Boolean
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
      Z           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      Tris        As Dword
      Opacity     As Float
      Wireframe   As Byte
      DiffuseR    As Float
      DiffuseG    As Float
      DiffuseB    As Float
      ScaleX      As Float
      ScaleY      As Float
      ScaleZ      As Float
   EndType

Dim Object(0) As ObjectType

Type TriType
      Exist       As Float
      X1          As Float
      Y1          As Float
      Z1          As Float
      X2          As Float
      Y2          As Float
      Z2          As Float
      X3          As Float
      Y3          As Float
      Z3          As Float
      Diffuse1    As Dword
      Diffuse2    As Dword
      Diffuse3    As Dword
      Alpha1      As Float
      Alpha2      As Float
      Alpha3      As Float
      ObjectID    As Dword
   EndType

Dim Tri(0) As TriType

Type PointsType
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
   EndType

Dim Points(3) As PointsType

Type CameraType
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      FOV         As Float
      Range       As Float
      StartX      As Integer
      StartY      As Integer
      EndX        As Integer
      EndY        As Integer
      OffCheck    As Integer
   EndType

Dim Camera(0) As CameraType

Camera(0).StartX   = 0
   Camera(0).StartY   = 0
   Camera(0).EndX     = Screen Width()
   Camera(0).EndY     = Screen Height()
   Camera(0).OffCheck = 1000

Global PixelsPointer
    Global CameraW      As Dword
    Global CameraH      As Dword
    Global BackdropR    As Byte
    Global BackdropG    As Byte
    Global BackdropB    As Byte
    Global BackdropA    As Byte

CameraW = Screen Width()  * 0.5
    CameraH = Screen Height() * 0.5

BackdropR = 128
    BackdropG = 128
    BackdropB = 128
    BackdropA = 255

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Camera:

type vec3
      x as float
      y as float
      z as float
   endtype

type vecvec3
      x as vec3
      y as vec3
      z as vec3
   endtype

type camera_type
      angle as vec3
      axis as vecvec3
      position as vec3
      fov as float
      aspect_ratio as float
   endtype

global camera as camera_type
   camera.fov=80
   camera.aspect_ratio=(1.0*screen width())/screen height()

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Angle_X()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.x
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Y()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.y
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Z()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.z
EndFunction ReturnValue

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Rotate_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

camera.angle.x = X
   camera.angle.y = Y
   camera.angle.z = Z
   update_camera()

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

camera.position.x = X
   camera.position.y = Y
   camera.position.z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.z.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.z.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.z.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Left( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Right( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Up( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Down( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Get_Tri_Point( PointID , x0#,y0#,z0# )

x0#=x0#-camera.position.x
   y0#=y0#-camera.position.y
   z0#=z0#-camera.position.z

x00#=x0#*camera.axis.x.x+y0#*camera.axis.x.y+z0#*camera.axis.x.z
   y00#=x0#*camera.axis.y.x+y0#*camera.axis.y.y+z0#*camera.axis.y.z
   z00#=x0#*camera.axis.z.x+y0#*camera.axis.z.y+z0#*camera.axis.z.z
   if z00#<=0 then exitfunction
   x0=(x00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*CameraW+CameraW
   y0=(0-y00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*camera.aspect_ratio*CameraH+CameraH

Points(PointID).X = x0
   Points(PointID).Y = y0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function update_camera()
   xx0#=1:xy0#=0:xz1#=0:yx0#=0:yy0#=1:yz1#=0:zx2#=0:zy1#=0:zz1#=1
   xx2#=xx0#*cos(camera.angle.z):xy1#=xx0#*sin(camera.angle.z)
   yx2#=-yy0#*sin(camera.angle.z):yy1#=yy0#*cos(camera.angle.z)
   xy2#=xy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-xz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   xz2#=xz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+xy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yy2#=yy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-yz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yz2#=yz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+yy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zy2#=zy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-zz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zz2#=zz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+zy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   camera.axis.x.x=xx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+xz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.x.y=xy2#
   camera.axis.x.z=xz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-xx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.x=yx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+yz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.y=yy2#
   camera.axis.y.z=yz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-yx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.x=zx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+zz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.y=zy2#
   camera.axis.z.z=zz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-zx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
endfunction

+ Code Snippet

Gosub Init_Main
Gosub Variables_Declare_Camera
Gosub Variables_Declare_Timers
Gosub Variables_Declare_Object

InitPerfTimer()


    Make_Object_Plain( 1 , 5 , 5 )               : Position_Object( 1 ,  15 , 0 , 0 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 1 , 255 , 0   , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 1 , 210 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 2 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 0 )   : Position_Object( 2 , -5 , 0 , 0  ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 2 , 0   , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 2 , 200 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 3 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 3 , -5 , 0 , 15 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 3 , 255 , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 3 , 150 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 4 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 4 , -5 , 0 , 30 ) : Set_Object_Diffuse( 4 , 0   , 0   , 255 ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 4 , 100 )


    Position_Camera( 30 , 20 , -20 )
    Rotate_Camera( 10 , -40 , 0)

Do
   GetElapsed()
   Debug()

   Move_Camera(      (Keystate(17) - Keystate(31)) * Duration * 20 )
   Move_Camera_Left( (Keystate(32) - Keystate(30)) * Duration * 20 )

   Rotate_Camera( Camera_Angle_X() + MouseMoveY() , Camera_Angle_Y() + MouseMoveX() , 0 )

   Sync_Camera(0)
Loop

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Debug()

   Text 0 , 0 , "FPS: " + Str$( Screen FPS() )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Init_Main:

   Sync On
   Sync Rate 0
   Hide Mouse

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Timers:

    Global OldTime          As Double integer
    Global TimeGap          As Double integer
    Global FrameGap         As Double integer
    Global CurTime          As Double integer

    Global Duration         As Float
    Global Fps              As Float
    Global OldFps           As Float
    Global Elapsed          As Float

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function InitPerfTimer()
   Load DLL "kernel32.dll", 1
      Ptr     = make memory(8)
      Null    = Call Dll(1, "QueryPerformanceFrequency", Ptr )
      TimeGap = (*Ptr)
   Delete DLL 1
   OldTime   = Perftimer()
Endfunction


`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function GetElapsed()
    CurTime   = Perftimer()
    FrameGap  = CurTime - OldTime
    OldTime   = Perftimer()
    Fps       = TimeGap / FrameGap
    Fps       = ( Fps + OldFps ) * 0.5
    OldFps    = Fps
    Elapsed   = 1000 / Fps
    Duration  = Elapsed * 0.001
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`*************************************************************************
`**                                                                     **
`**        DBP Software renderer - Carlos 'Darkcoder' Wilkes            **
`**        Original Camera/3D projection code by Lower Logic            **
`**                                                                     **
`*************************************************************************

Function Sync_Camera( CameraID As Dword )

    Local ObjectID As Dword

    `Lock Pixels

        `ScreenWidth   = Screen Width()
        `PixelsPointer = Get Pixels Pointer()

        For Tris = 0 To Array Count( Tri(0) )

          If Tri(Tris).Exist
            ObjectID = Tri(Tris).ObjectID
             If Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 0
                If Object(ObjectID).Opacity

                   Draw_Tri( CameraID , Tris , ObjectID )

                Endif
             Endif
          Endif

        Next Tris

        `--------------------------- Draw the camera view
        D3D_Color 255,255,0,255
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).StartY  ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).StartY
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1

            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
            D3D_Line Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndY

    `UnLock Pixels
    Sync
    D3D_Box Camera(CameraID).StartX , Camera(CameraID).StartY , Camera(CameraID).EndX , Camera(CameraID).EndY , D3D_RGBA( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB , BackdropA )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Colour_Backdrop( R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte , A As Byte )

    BackdropR = R
    BackdropG = G
    BackdropB = B
    BackdropA = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Draw_Tri( CameraID As Dword , TriID As Dword , ObjectID As Dword )

    Local X        As Float
    Local Y        As Float
    Local Z        As Float
    Local P1       As Integer
    Local P2       As Integer
    Local P3       As Integer
    Local Perc     As Float
    Local Perc2    As Float
    Local Diff1    As Float
    Local Diff2    As Float
    Local Scans    As Float
    Local LDown    As Float
    Local Down     As Float
    Local FullSize As Integer
    Local TopSize  As Integer
    Local BotSize  As Integer
    Local X1Shift  As Float
    Local X2Shift  As Float
    Local X3Shift  As Float
    Local SX       As Float
    Local SY       As Float
    Local SZ       As Float

    SX = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleX
    SY = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleY
    SZ = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleZ
    X  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).X
    Y  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Y
    Z  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Z

    Get_Tri_Point( 0 , Tri(TriID).X1 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y1 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z1 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 1 , Tri(TriID).X2 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y2 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z2 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 2 , Tri(TriID).X3 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y3 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z3 * SZ + Z )

    D3D_Color Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB , Object(ObjectID).Opacity

    If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 1 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2

        D3D_Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
        D3D_Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y
        D3D_Line Points(2).X , Points(2).Y , Points(0).X , Points(0).Y
    Else
        If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 4

            D3D_Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
            D3D_Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y

        Endif
    Endif

    If Points(0).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(0).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction

    If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 0 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3

      If Points(1).Y < Points(0).Y  Then P1 = 1
      If Points(2).Y < Points(P1).Y Then P1 = 2
      If P1 = 0
         If Points(1).X < Points(2).X
            P2 = 1 : P3 = 2
         Else
            P2 = 2 : P3 = 1
         Endif
      Else
         If P1 = 1
            If Points(0).X < Points(2).X
               P2 = 0 : P3 = 2
            Else
               P2 = 2 : P3 = 0
            Endif
         Else
            If P1 = 2
               If Points(0).X < Points(1).X
                  P2 = 0 : P3 = 1
               Else
                  P2 = 1 : P3 = 0
               Endif
            Endif
         Endif
      Endif

      If Points(P3).Y > Points(P2).Y
         TopSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P2).Y
         FullSize = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y

         X1Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X1Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P2).X + X3Shift * LScans , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Else
         TopSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y
         FullSize = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P3).Y

         X1Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X1Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans , Down , Points(P3).X - X3Shift * LScans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Endif

    Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID As Dword , X1 As Integer , Y As Integer , X2 As Integer )

    If X1 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If X2 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If Y1 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).StartY
    If Y2 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).EndY

    If X1 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If X2 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If Y1 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).EndY
    If Y2 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).StartY

    If Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY Or Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY Then ExitFunction

    D3D_Line X1 , Y , X2 , Y

    `For Draw = 5 To 15
    `    Pointer  = ( PixelsPointer + ( Draw + ( Y * ScreenWidth ) ) * 4 )
    `    *Pointer = RGB( 255 , 255 , 255 )
    `Next Draw

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Plain( ObjectID As Dword , Width As Float , height As Float )

   Local TriID As Dword

           Make_Object( ObjectID )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 , - Width , - height , 0 )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Diffuse( ObjectID As Dword , R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR = R
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG = G
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB = B

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Object_Exist( ObjectID As Dword )

    If ObjectID <= Array Count( Object(0) )

        If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

            ExitFunction 1

        Endif

    Endif

EndFunction 0

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Scale_Object( ObjectID As Dword , ScaleX As Float , ScaleY As Float , ScaleZ As Float )

    Object(ObjectID).ScaleX = ScaleX * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleY = ScaleY * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ = ScaleZ * 0.01

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Opacity( ObjectID As Dword , A As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).Opacity = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Wireframe( ObjectID As Dword , WF As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = WF

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Visibility( ObjectID As Dword , Flag As Boolean )

    Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 1 - Flag

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Object( ObjectID As Dword , X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   Object(ObjectID).X = X
   Object(ObjectID).Y = Y
   Object(ObjectID).Z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Cylinder( ObjectID As Dword , Height As Float , Radius As Float , Sides As Float , Capped )

   Local TriID As Dword
   Local Diff  As Float
   Local Ang   As Float

   Diff = 360.0 / Sides

           Make_Object( ObjectID )

   For Cyl = 1 To Sides

      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang + Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang + Diff ) * Radius )
      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff        ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius )

      Ang = Ang + Diff

   Next Cyl

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object( ObjectID As Dword )

   Local ArrCount As Dword

   ArrCount = Array Count(Object(0))

   If ObjectID > ArrCount

      Dim Object(ObjectID) As ObjectType

   Else

      If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

         Exit Prompt "Object " + Str$( ObjectID ) + " alredy exists!" , "Error::Make_Object"
         End

      Endif

   Endif

   Object(ObjectID).Exist     = 1
   Object(ObjectID).Hidden    = 0
   Object(ObjectID).X         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Y         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Z         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).XRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).YRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).ZRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Tris      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Opacity   = 255
   Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = 0
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleX    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleY    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ    = 1.0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Tri( ObjectID As Dword )

   Local Cell As Dword

   Array Insert At Bottom Tri(0)

   Cell = Array Count( Tri(0) )

   Tri(Cell).Exist    = 1
   Tri(Cell).ObjectID = ObjectID

EndFunction Cell

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Tri( TriID As Dword , X1 As Float , Y1 As Float , Z1 As Float , X2 As Float , Y2 As Float , Z2 As Float , X3 As Float , Y3 As Float , Z3 As Float )

   Local Check As Boolean

   If Array Index Valid( Tri(0) ) Then Check = 1
   If Tri(TriID).Exist            Then Check = 1

   If Check

      Tri(TriID).X1 = X1
      Tri(TriID).Y1 = Y1
      Tri(TriID).Z1 = Z1
      Tri(TriID).X2 = X2
      Tri(TriID).Y2 = Y2
      Tri(TriID).Z2 = Z2
      Tri(TriID).X3 = X3
      Tri(TriID).Y3 = Y3
      Tri(TriID).Z3 = Z3

   Else

      Exit Prompt "Triangle " + Str$( TriID ) + " Doesn't exist!" , "Error::Position_Tri"

   Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Object:

   Type ObjectType
      Exist       As Boolean
      Hidden      As Boolean
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
      Z           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      Tris        As Dword
      Opacity     As Float
      Wireframe   As Byte
      DiffuseR    As Float
      DiffuseG    As Float
      DiffuseB    As Float
      ScaleX      As Float
      ScaleY      As Float
      ScaleZ      As Float
   EndType

   Dim Object(0) As ObjectType

   Type TriType
      Exist       As Float
      X1          As Float
      Y1          As Float
      Z1          As Float
      X2          As Float
      Y2          As Float
      Z2          As Float
      X3          As Float
      Y3          As Float
      Z3          As Float
      Diffuse1    As Dword
      Diffuse2    As Dword
      Diffuse3    As Dword
      Alpha1      As Float
      Alpha2      As Float
      Alpha3      As Float
      ObjectID    As Dword
   EndType

   Dim Tri(0) As TriType

   Type PointsType
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
   EndType

   Dim Points(3) As PointsType

   Type CameraType
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      FOV         As Float
      Range       As Float
      StartX      As Integer
      StartY      As Integer
      EndX        As Integer
      EndY        As Integer
      OffCheck    As Integer
   EndType

   Dim Camera(0) As CameraType

   Camera(0).StartX   = 0
   Camera(0).StartY   = 0
   Camera(0).EndX     = Screen Width()
   Camera(0).EndY     = Screen Height()
   Camera(0).OffCheck = 1000

    Global PixelsPointer
    Global CameraW      As Dword
    Global CameraH      As Dword
    Global BackdropR    As Byte
    Global BackdropG    As Byte
    Global BackdropB    As Byte
    Global BackdropA    As Byte

    CameraW = Screen Width()  * 0.5
    CameraH = Screen Height() * 0.5

    BackdropR = 128
    BackdropG = 128
    BackdropB = 128
    BackdropA = 255

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Camera:

   type vec3
      x as float
      y as float
      z as float
   endtype

   type vecvec3
      x as vec3
      y as vec3
      z as vec3
   endtype

   type camera_type
      angle as vec3
      axis as vecvec3
      position as vec3
      fov as float
      aspect_ratio as float
   endtype

   global camera as camera_type
   camera.fov=80
   camera.aspect_ratio=(1.0*screen width())/screen height()

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Angle_X()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.x
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Y()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.y
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Z()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.z
EndFunction ReturnValue

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Rotate_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   camera.angle.x = X
   camera.angle.y = Y
   camera.angle.z = Z
   update_camera()

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   camera.position.x = X
   camera.position.y = Y
   camera.position.z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.z.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.z.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.z.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Left( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Right( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Up( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Down( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Get_Tri_Point( PointID , x0#,y0#,z0# )

   x0#=x0#-camera.position.x
   y0#=y0#-camera.position.y
   z0#=z0#-camera.position.z

   x00#=x0#*camera.axis.x.x+y0#*camera.axis.x.y+z0#*camera.axis.x.z
   y00#=x0#*camera.axis.y.x+y0#*camera.axis.y.y+z0#*camera.axis.y.z
   z00#=x0#*camera.axis.z.x+y0#*camera.axis.z.y+z0#*camera.axis.z.z
   if z00#<=0 then exitfunction
   x0=(x00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*CameraW+CameraW
   y0=(0-y00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*camera.aspect_ratio*CameraH+CameraH

   Points(PointID).X = x0
   Points(PointID).Y = y0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function update_camera()
   xx0#=1:xy0#=0:xz1#=0:yx0#=0:yy0#=1:yz1#=0:zx2#=0:zy1#=0:zz1#=1
   xx2#=xx0#*cos(camera.angle.z):xy1#=xx0#*sin(camera.angle.z)
   yx2#=-yy0#*sin(camera.angle.z):yy1#=yy0#*cos(camera.angle.z)
   xy2#=xy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-xz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   xz2#=xz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+xy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yy2#=yy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-yz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yz2#=yz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+yy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zy2#=zy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-zz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zz2#=zz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+zy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   camera.axis.x.x=xx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+xz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.x.y=xy2#
   camera.axis.x.z=xz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-xx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.x=yx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+yz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.y=yy2#
   camera.axis.y.z=yz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-yx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.x=zx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+zz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.y=zy2#
   camera.axis.z.z=zz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-zx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
endfunction

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Profile PM Email

Benjamin

21

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 24th Nov 2002

Location: France

Posted: 19th Mar 2007 12:12

Link

Pretty cool, a little buggy though.

Tempest (DBP/DBCe)
Multisync V1 (DBP/DBCe)

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Profile PM Email

Kevin Picone

22

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 27th Aug 2002

Location: Australia

Posted: 19th Mar 2007 15:53

Link

Looks like a good start. Ironically there's been bunch Software Renders written in the DB over the years, mostly just for fun. Here's the one I wrote for DB classic back in 2002... oh dear, was it that long ago..

DB Classic (Software Render)

PB V1.63 Released - Hardware Acceleration In Progress - Available soon !

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Thc03

20

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Joined: 19th May 2004

Location: Pavia - Italy

Posted: 21st May 2007 07:40

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Dark Coder, I was doing my own as well.
Will us join in a single project?
If so, I can just add rotation for your engine, but the engine I was planning shouldn't offer shading modes at all.
Basicly, I just wish to see texture mapped polygons (like UV-Mapping, but without lighting data) and vertex coloring.
I can also help you out for Z-Sorting and clipping, between my limits.
Try and see if this could be ok for you, mine is here: http://forum.thegamecreators.com/?m=forum_view&t=106119&b=1

I could also add skeletal animations in (again, between my limits).
My limits are I can just develop the core algorithm, aplyying to any data structure becomes too complex for me unless the structure itself is just an array or a bunch of variables.

Thanks in advance for any answer.
.

Bye, Berserk.
.

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dark coder

22

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Joined: 6th Oct 2002

Location: Japan

Posted: 21st May 2007 12:56

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Hey,

A reply!

I'm currently not working on this so joining the project wouldn't do much, you can use my code if you wish though. Things like rotation / Z Depth etc aren't that hard to implement just they take a while to do, filling the tris involved enough head scratching

. I'm not sure I see the point in adding more advanced features like skeletal animations though, due to software renderers being a lot slower than their hardware counterparts these days, if you're after something people will use then you should try and implement OpenGL support.

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Thc03

20

Years of Service

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Joined: 19th May 2004

Location: Pavia - Italy

Posted: 21st May 2007 17:41

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Basicly I'm in the middle.
Some C/C++ knowledge, but not enough. Some math, but not enough.
I done wireframe nGons, but not filled. I also done skeletal animations, I would be able to do the same way I done with DarkBasic, but is not a conventional way.
So, I'm in the middle in every sense

.

Bye, Berserk.
.

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n008

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Joined: 18th Apr 2007

Location: Chernarus

Posted: 22nd May 2007 00:27

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ummm.... It didn't work. I got the d3d command error, but i downloaded the dll and put it in the right place, mabey 'cause i'm running the trial.....

Ling creckt tsi nocreckto havela? NASA chetallnar mo lu'ul nasding!

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Thc03

20

Years of Service

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Joined: 19th May 2004

Location: Pavia - Italy

Posted: 22nd May 2007 01:55

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The trial doesn't support external commands I think.
However, I had similar problems (let's say I don't like external commands very much) and so I got to make it work without the external commands. The only problem is, the camera now rotates but is not moving.

Gosub Init_Main
Gosub Variables_Declare_Camera
Gosub Variables_Declare_Timers
Gosub Variables_Declare_Object

Inittimer()

Make_Object_Plain( 1 , 5 , 5 )               : Position_Object( 1 ,  15 , 0 , 0 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 1 , 255 , 0   , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 1 , 210 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 2 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 0 )   : Position_Object( 2 , -5 , 0 , 0  ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 2 , 0   , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 2 , 200 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 3 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 3 , -5 , 0 , 15 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 3 , 255 , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 3 , 150 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 4 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 4 , -5 , 0 , 30 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 4 , 0   , 0   , 255 ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 4 , 100 )

Position_Camera( 30 , 20 , -20 )
    Rotate_Camera( 10 , -40 , 0)

Do
   GetElapsed()
   Debug()

Move_Camera(      (upkey() - downkey()) * Duration * 20 )
   Move_Camera_Left( (rightkey() - leftkey()) * Duration * 20 )

Rotate_Camera( Camera_Angle_X() + MouseMoveY() , Camera_Angle_Y() + MouseMoveX() , 0 )

Sync_Camera(0)
Loop

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Debug()

Text 0 , 0 , "FPS: " + Str$( Screen FPS() )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Init_Main:

Sync On
   Sync Rate 0
   Hide Mouse

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Timers:

Global OldTime          As Double integer
    Global TimeGap          As Double integer
    Global FrameGap         As Double integer
    Global CurTime          As Double integer

Global Duration         As Float
    Global Fps              As Float
    Global OldFps           As Float
    Global Elapsed          As Float

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Inittimer()
   Load DLL "kernel32.dll", 1
      Ptr     = make memory(8)
      Null    = Call Dll(1, "QueryPerformanceFrequency", Ptr )
      TimeGap = (*Ptr)
   Delete DLL 1
   OldTime   = timer()
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function GetElapsed()
    CurTime   = timer()
    FrameGap  = CurTime - OldTime
    OldTime   = timer()
    Fps       = TimeGap / FrameGap
    Fps       = ( Fps + OldFps ) * 0.5
    OldFps    = Fps
    Elapsed   = 1000 / Fps
    Duration  = Elapsed * 0.001
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`*************************************************************************
`**                                                                     **
`**        DBP Software renderer - Carlos 'Darkcoder' Wilkes            **
`**        Original Camera/3D projection code by Lower Logic            **
`**                                                                     **
`*************************************************************************

Function Sync_Camera( CameraID As Dword )

Local ObjectID As Dword

`Lock Pixels

`ScreenWidth   = Screen Width()
        `PixelsPointer = Get Pixels Pointer()

For Tris = 0 To Array Count( Tri(0) )

If Tri(Tris).Exist
            ObjectID = Tri(Tris).ObjectID
             If Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 0
                If Object(ObjectID).Opacity

Draw_Tri( CameraID , Tris , ObjectID )

Endif
             Endif
          Endif

Next Tris

`--------------------------- Draw the camera view
        ink rgb(255,255,0), rgb(0,0,0)
            Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).StartY  ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).StartY
            Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1

Line Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
            Line Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
        ink rgb(255,255,255), rgb(0,0,0)

`UnLock Pixels
    Sync
    Box Camera(CameraID).StartX , Camera(CameraID).StartY , Camera(CameraID).EndX , Camera(CameraID).EndY , RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Colour_Backdrop( R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte , A As Byte )

BackdropR = R
    BackdropG = G
    BackdropB = B
    BackdropA = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Draw_Tri( CameraID As Dword , TriID As Dword , ObjectID As Dword )

Local X        As Float
    Local Y        As Float
    Local Z        As Float
    Local P1       As Integer
    Local P2       As Integer
    Local P3       As Integer
    Local Perc     As Float
    Local Perc2    As Float
    Local Diff1    As Float
    Local Diff2    As Float
    Local Scans    As Float
    Local LDown    As Float
    Local Down     As Float
    Local FullSize As Integer
    Local TopSize  As Integer
    Local BotSize  As Integer
    Local X1Shift  As Float
    Local X2Shift  As Float
    Local X3Shift  As Float
    Local SX       As Float
    Local SY       As Float
    Local SZ       As Float

SX = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleX
    SY = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleY
    SZ = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleZ
    X  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).X
    Y  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Y
    Z  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Z

Get_Tri_Point( 0 , Tri(TriID).X1 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y1 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z1 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 1 , Tri(TriID).X2 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y2 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z2 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 2 , Tri(TriID).X3 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y3 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z3 * SZ + Z )

ink rgb(Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB), rgb(0,0,0)

If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 1 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2

Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
        Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y
        Line Points(2).X , Points(2).Y , Points(0).X , Points(0).Y
    Else
        If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 4

Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
            Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y

Endif
    Endif

If Points(0).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(0).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction

If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 0 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3

If Points(1).Y < Points(0).Y  Then P1 = 1
      If Points(2).Y < Points(P1).Y Then P1 = 2
      If P1 = 0
         If Points(1).X < Points(2).X
            P2 = 1 : P3 = 2
         Else
            P2 = 2 : P3 = 1
         Endif
      Else
         If P1 = 1
            If Points(0).X < Points(2).X
               P2 = 0 : P3 = 2
            Else
               P2 = 2 : P3 = 0
            Endif
         Else
            If P1 = 2
               If Points(0).X < Points(1).X
                  P2 = 0 : P3 = 1
               Else
                  P2 = 1 : P3 = 0
               Endif
            Endif
         Endif
      Endif

If Points(P3).Y > Points(P2).Y
         TopSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P2).Y
         FullSize = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y

X1Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X1Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P2).X + X3Shift * LScans , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Else
         TopSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y
         FullSize = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P3).Y

X1Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X1Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans , Down , Points(P3).X - X3Shift * LScans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Endif

Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID As Dword , X1 As Integer , Y As Integer , X2 As Integer )

If X1 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If X2 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If Y1 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).StartY
    If Y2 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).EndY

If X1 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If X2 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If Y1 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).EndY
    If Y2 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).StartY

If Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY Or Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY Then ExitFunction

Line X1 , Y , X2 , Y

`For Draw = 5 To 15
    `    Pointer  = ( PixelsPointer + ( Draw + ( Y * ScreenWidth ) ) * 4 )
    `    *Pointer = RGB( 255 , 255 , 255 )
    `Next Draw

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Plain( ObjectID As Dword , Width As Float , height As Float )

Local TriID As Dword

Make_Object( ObjectID )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 , - Width , - height , 0 )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Diffuse( ObjectID As Dword , R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR = R
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG = G
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB = B

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Object_Exist( ObjectID As Dword )

If ObjectID <= Array Count( Object(0) )

If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

ExitFunction 1

Endif

EndFunction 0

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Scale_Object( ObjectID As Dword , ScaleX As Float , ScaleY As Float , ScaleZ As Float )

Object(ObjectID).ScaleX = ScaleX * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleY = ScaleY * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ = ScaleZ * 0.01

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Opacity( ObjectID As Dword , A As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).Opacity = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Wireframe( ObjectID As Dword , WF As Byte )

Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = WF

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Visibility( ObjectID As Dword , Flag As Boolean )

Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 1 - Flag

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Object( ObjectID As Dword , X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

Object(ObjectID).X = X
   Object(ObjectID).Y = Y
   Object(ObjectID).Z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Cylinder( ObjectID As Dword , Height As Float , Radius As Float , Sides As Float , Capped )

Local TriID As Dword
   Local Diff  As Float
   Local Ang   As Float

Diff = 360.0 / Sides

Make_Object( ObjectID )

For Cyl = 1 To Sides

TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang + Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang + Diff ) * Radius )
      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff        ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius )

Ang = Ang + Diff

Next Cyl

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object( ObjectID As Dword )

Local ArrCount As Dword

ArrCount = Array Count(Object(0))

If ObjectID > ArrCount

Dim Object(ObjectID) As ObjectType

Else

If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

Exit Prompt "Object " + Str$( ObjectID ) + " alredy exists!" , "Error::Make_Object"
         End

Endif

Object(ObjectID).Exist     = 1
   Object(ObjectID).Hidden    = 0
   Object(ObjectID).X         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Y         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Z         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).XRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).YRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).ZRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Tris      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Opacity   = 255
   Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = 0
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleX    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleY    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ    = 1.0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Tri( ObjectID As Dword )

Local Cell As Dword

Array Insert At Bottom Tri(0)

Cell = Array Count( Tri(0) )

Tri(Cell).Exist    = 1
   Tri(Cell).ObjectID = ObjectID

EndFunction Cell

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Tri( TriID As Dword , X1 As Float , Y1 As Float , Z1 As Float , X2 As Float , Y2 As Float , Z2 As Float , X3 As Float , Y3 As Float , Z3 As Float )

Local Check As Boolean

If Array Index Valid( Tri(0) ) Then Check = 1
   If Tri(TriID).Exist            Then Check = 1

If Check

Tri(TriID).X1 = X1
      Tri(TriID).Y1 = Y1
      Tri(TriID).Z1 = Z1
      Tri(TriID).X2 = X2
      Tri(TriID).Y2 = Y2
      Tri(TriID).Z2 = Z2
      Tri(TriID).X3 = X3
      Tri(TriID).Y3 = Y3
      Tri(TriID).Z3 = Z3

Else

Exit Prompt "Triangle " + Str$( TriID ) + " Doesn't exist!" , "Error::Position_Tri"

Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Object:

Type ObjectType
      Exist       As Boolean
      Hidden      As Boolean
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
      Z           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      Tris        As Dword
      Opacity     As Float
      Wireframe   As Byte
      DiffuseR    As Float
      DiffuseG    As Float
      DiffuseB    As Float
      ScaleX      As Float
      ScaleY      As Float
      ScaleZ      As Float
   EndType

Dim Object(0) As ObjectType

Type TriType
      Exist       As Float
      X1          As Float
      Y1          As Float
      Z1          As Float
      X2          As Float
      Y2          As Float
      Z2          As Float
      X3          As Float
      Y3          As Float
      Z3          As Float
      Diffuse1    As Dword
      Diffuse2    As Dword
      Diffuse3    As Dword
      Alpha1      As Float
      Alpha2      As Float
      Alpha3      As Float
      ObjectID    As Dword
   EndType

Dim Tri(0) As TriType

Type PointsType
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
   EndType

Dim Points(3) As PointsType

Type CameraType
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      FOV         As Float
      Range       As Float
      StartX      As Integer
      StartY      As Integer
      EndX        As Integer
      EndY        As Integer
      OffCheck    As Integer
   EndType

Dim Camera(0) As CameraType

Camera(0).StartX   = 0
   Camera(0).StartY   = 0
   Camera(0).EndX     = Screen Width()
   Camera(0).EndY     = Screen Height()
   Camera(0).OffCheck = 1000

Global PixelsPointer
    Global CameraW      As Dword
    Global CameraH      As Dword
    Global BackdropR    As Byte
    Global BackdropG    As Byte
    Global BackdropB    As Byte
    Global BackdropA    As Byte

CameraW = Screen Width()  * 0.5
    CameraH = Screen Height() * 0.5

BackdropR = 128
    BackdropG = 128
    BackdropB = 128
    BackdropA = 255

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Camera:

type vec3
      x as float
      y as float
      z as float
   endtype

type vecvec3
      x as vec3
      y as vec3
      z as vec3
   endtype

type camera_type
      angle as vec3
      axis as vecvec3
      position as vec3
      fov as float
      aspect_ratio as float
   endtype

global camera as camera_type
   camera.fov=80
   camera.aspect_ratio=(1.0*screen width())/screen height()

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Angle_X()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.x
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Y()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.y
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Z()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.z
EndFunction ReturnValue

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Rotate_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

camera.angle.x = X
   camera.angle.y = Y
   camera.angle.z = Z
   update_camera()

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

camera.position.x = X
   camera.position.y = Y
   camera.position.z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.z.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.z.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.z.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Left( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Right( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Up( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Down( Distance As Float )

camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Get_Tri_Point( PointID , x0#,y0#,z0# )

x0#=x0#-camera.position.x
   y0#=y0#-camera.position.y
   z0#=z0#-camera.position.z

x00#=x0#*camera.axis.x.x+y0#*camera.axis.x.y+z0#*camera.axis.x.z
   y00#=x0#*camera.axis.y.x+y0#*camera.axis.y.y+z0#*camera.axis.y.z
   z00#=x0#*camera.axis.z.x+y0#*camera.axis.z.y+z0#*camera.axis.z.z
   if z00#<=0 then exitfunction
   x0=(x00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*CameraW+CameraW
   y0=(0-y00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*camera.aspect_ratio*CameraH+CameraH

Points(PointID).X = x0
   Points(PointID).Y = y0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function update_camera()
   xx0#=1:xy0#=0:xz1#=0:yx0#=0:yy0#=1:yz1#=0:zx2#=0:zy1#=0:zz1#=1
   xx2#=xx0#*cos(camera.angle.z):xy1#=xx0#*sin(camera.angle.z)
   yx2#=-yy0#*sin(camera.angle.z):yy1#=yy0#*cos(camera.angle.z)
   xy2#=xy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-xz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   xz2#=xz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+xy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yy2#=yy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-yz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yz2#=yz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+yy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zy2#=zy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-zz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zz2#=zz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+zy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   camera.axis.x.x=xx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+xz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.x.y=xy2#
   camera.axis.x.z=xz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-xx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.x=yx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+yz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.y=yy2#
   camera.axis.y.z=yz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-yx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.x=zx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+zz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.y=zy2#
   camera.axis.z.z=zz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-zx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
endfunction

+ Code Snippet

Gosub Init_Main
Gosub Variables_Declare_Camera
Gosub Variables_Declare_Timers
Gosub Variables_Declare_Object

Inittimer()


    Make_Object_Plain( 1 , 5 , 5 )               : Position_Object( 1 ,  15 , 0 , 0 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 1 , 255 , 0   , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 1 , 210 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 2 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 0 )   : Position_Object( 2 , -5 , 0 , 0  ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 2 , 0   , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 2 , 200 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 3 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 3 , -5 , 0 , 15 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 3 , 255 , 255 , 0   ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 3 , 150 )
    Make_Object_Cylinder( 4 , 5 , 5 , 20 , 1 )   : Position_Object( 4 , -5 , 0 , 30 ) : rem Set_Object_Diffuse( 4 , 0   , 0   , 255 ) : Set_Object_Opacity( 4 , 100 )


    Position_Camera( 30 , 20 , -20 )
    Rotate_Camera( 10 , -40 , 0)

Do
   GetElapsed()
   Debug()

   Move_Camera(      (upkey() - downkey()) * Duration * 20 )
   Move_Camera_Left( (rightkey() - leftkey()) * Duration * 20 )

   Rotate_Camera( Camera_Angle_X() + MouseMoveY() , Camera_Angle_Y() + MouseMoveX() , 0 )

   Sync_Camera(0)
Loop

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Debug()

   Text 0 , 0 , "FPS: " + Str$( Screen FPS() )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Init_Main:

   Sync On
   Sync Rate 0
   Hide Mouse

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Timers:

    Global OldTime          As Double integer
    Global TimeGap          As Double integer
    Global FrameGap         As Double integer
    Global CurTime          As Double integer

    Global Duration         As Float
    Global Fps              As Float
    Global OldFps           As Float
    Global Elapsed          As Float

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Inittimer()
   Load DLL "kernel32.dll", 1
      Ptr     = make memory(8)
      Null    = Call Dll(1, "QueryPerformanceFrequency", Ptr )
      TimeGap = (*Ptr)
   Delete DLL 1
   OldTime   = timer()
Endfunction


`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function GetElapsed()
    CurTime   = timer()
    FrameGap  = CurTime - OldTime
    OldTime   = timer()
    Fps       = TimeGap / FrameGap
    Fps       = ( Fps + OldFps ) * 0.5
    OldFps    = Fps
    Elapsed   = 1000 / Fps
    Duration  = Elapsed * 0.001
Endfunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`*************************************************************************
`**                                                                     **
`**        DBP Software renderer - Carlos 'Darkcoder' Wilkes            **
`**        Original Camera/3D projection code by Lower Logic            **
`**                                                                     **
`*************************************************************************

Function Sync_Camera( CameraID As Dword )

    Local ObjectID As Dword

    `Lock Pixels

        `ScreenWidth   = Screen Width()
        `PixelsPointer = Get Pixels Pointer()

        For Tris = 0 To Array Count( Tri(0) )

          If Tri(Tris).Exist
            ObjectID = Tri(Tris).ObjectID
             If Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 0
                If Object(ObjectID).Opacity

                   Draw_Tri( CameraID , Tris , ObjectID )

                Endif
             Endif
          Endif

        Next Tris

        `--------------------------- Draw the camera view
        ink rgb(255,255,0), rgb(0,0,0)
            Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).StartY  ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).StartY
            Line Camera(CameraID).StartX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndX,Camera(CameraID).EndY -1

            Line Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).StartX  ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
            Line Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).StartY,Camera(CameraID).EndX -1 ,Camera(CameraID).EndY
        ink rgb(255,255,255), rgb(0,0,0)

    `UnLock Pixels
    Sync
    Box Camera(CameraID).StartX , Camera(CameraID).StartY , Camera(CameraID).EndX , Camera(CameraID).EndY , RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB ), RGB( BackdropR , BackdropG , BackdropB )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Colour_Backdrop( R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte , A As Byte )

    BackdropR = R
    BackdropG = G
    BackdropB = B
    BackdropA = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Draw_Tri( CameraID As Dword , TriID As Dword , ObjectID As Dword )

    Local X        As Float
    Local Y        As Float
    Local Z        As Float
    Local P1       As Integer
    Local P2       As Integer
    Local P3       As Integer
    Local Perc     As Float
    Local Perc2    As Float
    Local Diff1    As Float
    Local Diff2    As Float
    Local Scans    As Float
    Local LDown    As Float
    Local Down     As Float
    Local FullSize As Integer
    Local TopSize  As Integer
    Local BotSize  As Integer
    Local X1Shift  As Float
    Local X2Shift  As Float
    Local X3Shift  As Float
    Local SX       As Float
    Local SY       As Float
    Local SZ       As Float

    SX = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleX
    SY = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleY
    SZ = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).ScaleZ
    X  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).X
    Y  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Y
    Z  = Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Z

    Get_Tri_Point( 0 , Tri(TriID).X1 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y1 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z1 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 1 , Tri(TriID).X2 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y2 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z2 * SZ + Z )
    Get_Tri_Point( 2 , Tri(TriID).X3 * SX + X , Tri(TriID).Y3 * SY + Y , Tri(TriID).Z3 * SZ + Z )

    ink rgb(Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG , Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB), rgb(0,0,0)

    If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 1 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2

        Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
        Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y
        Line Points(2).X , Points(2).Y , Points(0).X , Points(0).Y
    Else
        If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 4

            Line Points(0).X , Points(0).Y , Points(1).X , Points(1).Y
            Line Points(1).X , Points(1).Y , Points(2).X , Points(2).Y

        Endif
    Endif

    If Points(0).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(0).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(0).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(1).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(1).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).X < Camera(CameraID).StartX - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).X > Camera(CameraID).EndX + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction
    If Points(2).Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY - Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Or Points(2).Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY + Camera(CameraID).OffCheck Then ExitFunction

    If Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 0 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 2 Or Object(Tri(TriID).ObjectID).Wireframe = 3

      If Points(1).Y < Points(0).Y  Then P1 = 1
      If Points(2).Y < Points(P1).Y Then P1 = 2
      If P1 = 0
         If Points(1).X < Points(2).X
            P2 = 1 : P3 = 2
         Else
            P2 = 2 : P3 = 1
         Endif
      Else
         If P1 = 1
            If Points(0).X < Points(2).X
               P2 = 0 : P3 = 2
            Else
               P2 = 2 : P3 = 0
            Endif
         Else
            If P1 = 2
               If Points(0).X < Points(1).X
                  P2 = 0 : P3 = 1
               Else
                  P2 = 1 : P3 = 0
               Endif
            Endif
         Endif
      Endif

      If Points(P3).Y > Points(P2).Y
         TopSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P2).Y
         FullSize = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y

         X1Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X1Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P2).X + X3Shift * LScans , Down , Points(P1).X + X2Shift * Scans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Else
         TopSize  = Points(P3).Y - Points(P1).Y
         FullSize = Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y
         BotSize  = Points(P2).Y - Points(P3).Y

         X1Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P1).X ) / TopSize
         X2Shift = ( Points(P1).X - Points(P2).X ) / FullSize
         X3Shift = ( Points(P3).X - Points(P2).X ) / BotSize
         For  Scans = 1 To ( Points(P2).Y - Points(P1).Y )
            Down   = Scans + Points(P1).Y
            If Scans < TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans  , Down , Points(P1).X + X1Shift * Scans )
            Else
               LScans = Scans - TopSize
               Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID , Points(P1).X - X2Shift * Scans , Down , Points(P3).X - X3Shift * LScans )
            Endif
         Next Scans
      Endif

    Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Draw_Line( CameraID As Dword , X1 As Integer , Y As Integer , X2 As Integer )

    If X1 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If X2 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If Y1 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).StartY
    If Y2 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).EndY

    If X1 > Camera(CameraID).EndX   Then X1 = Camera(CameraID).EndX
    If X2 < Camera(CameraID).StartX Then X2 = Camera(CameraID).StartX
    If Y1 > Camera(CameraID).EndY   Then Y1 = Camera(CameraID).EndY
    If Y2 < Camera(CameraID).StartY Then Y2 = Camera(CameraID).StartY

    If Y < Camera(CameraID).StartY Or Y > Camera(CameraID).EndY Then ExitFunction

    Line X1 , Y , X2 , Y

    `For Draw = 5 To 15
    `    Pointer  = ( PixelsPointer + ( Draw + ( Y * ScreenWidth ) ) * 4 )
    `    *Pointer = RGB( 255 , 255 , 255 )
    `Next Draw

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Plain( ObjectID As Dword , Width As Float , height As Float )

   Local TriID As Dword

           Make_Object( ObjectID )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 , - Width , - height , 0 )
   TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
   Position_Tri( TriID , - Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width ,   height , 0 ,   Width , - height , 0 )

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Diffuse( ObjectID As Dword , R As Byte , G As Byte , B As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR = R
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG = G
    Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB = B

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Object_Exist( ObjectID As Dword )

    If ObjectID <= Array Count( Object(0) )

        If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

            ExitFunction 1

        Endif

    Endif

EndFunction 0

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Scale_Object( ObjectID As Dword , ScaleX As Float , ScaleY As Float , ScaleZ As Float )

    Object(ObjectID).ScaleX = ScaleX * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleY = ScaleY * 0.01
    Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ = ScaleZ * 0.01

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Opacity( ObjectID As Dword , A As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).Opacity = A

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Wireframe( ObjectID As Dword , WF As Byte )

    Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = WF

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Set_Object_Visibility( ObjectID As Dword , Flag As Boolean )

    Object(ObjectID).Hidden = 1 - Flag

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Object( ObjectID As Dword , X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   Object(ObjectID).X = X
   Object(ObjectID).Y = Y
   Object(ObjectID).Z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object_Cylinder( ObjectID As Dword , Height As Float , Radius As Float , Sides As Float , Capped )

   Local TriID As Dword
   Local Diff  As Float
   Local Ang   As Float

   Diff = 360.0 / Sides

           Make_Object( ObjectID )

   For Cyl = 1 To Sides

      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang + Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang + Diff ) * Radius )
      TriID = Make_Tri(    ObjectID )
      Position_Tri( TriID , Sin( Ang ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius ,   Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius , Sin( Ang+ Diff        ) * Radius , - Height , Cos( Ang+ Diff ) * Radius )

      Ang = Ang + Diff

   Next Cyl

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Object( ObjectID As Dword )

   Local ArrCount As Dword

   ArrCount = Array Count(Object(0))

   If ObjectID > ArrCount

      Dim Object(ObjectID) As ObjectType

   Else

      If Object(ObjectID).Exist = 1

         Exit Prompt "Object " + Str$( ObjectID ) + " alredy exists!" , "Error::Make_Object"
         End

      Endif

   Endif

   Object(ObjectID).Exist     = 1
   Object(ObjectID).Hidden    = 0
   Object(ObjectID).X         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Y         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Z         = 0
   Object(ObjectID).XRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).YRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).ZRot      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Tris      = 0
   Object(ObjectID).Opacity   = 255
   Object(ObjectID).Wireframe = 0
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseR  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseG  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).DiffuseB  = 128
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleX    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleY    = 1.0
   Object(ObjectID).ScaleZ    = 1.0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Make_Tri( ObjectID As Dword )

   Local Cell As Dword

   Array Insert At Bottom Tri(0)

   Cell = Array Count( Tri(0) )

   Tri(Cell).Exist    = 1
   Tri(Cell).ObjectID = ObjectID

EndFunction Cell

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Tri( TriID As Dword , X1 As Float , Y1 As Float , Z1 As Float , X2 As Float , Y2 As Float , Z2 As Float , X3 As Float , Y3 As Float , Z3 As Float )

   Local Check As Boolean

   If Array Index Valid( Tri(0) ) Then Check = 1
   If Tri(TriID).Exist            Then Check = 1

   If Check

      Tri(TriID).X1 = X1
      Tri(TriID).Y1 = Y1
      Tri(TriID).Z1 = Z1
      Tri(TriID).X2 = X2
      Tri(TriID).Y2 = Y2
      Tri(TriID).Z2 = Z2
      Tri(TriID).X3 = X3
      Tri(TriID).Y3 = Y3
      Tri(TriID).Z3 = Z3

   Else

      Exit Prompt "Triangle " + Str$( TriID ) + " Doesn't exist!" , "Error::Position_Tri"

   Endif

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Object:

   Type ObjectType
      Exist       As Boolean
      Hidden      As Boolean
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
      Z           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      Tris        As Dword
      Opacity     As Float
      Wireframe   As Byte
      DiffuseR    As Float
      DiffuseG    As Float
      DiffuseB    As Float
      ScaleX      As Float
      ScaleY      As Float
      ScaleZ      As Float
   EndType

   Dim Object(0) As ObjectType

   Type TriType
      Exist       As Float
      X1          As Float
      Y1          As Float
      Z1          As Float
      X2          As Float
      Y2          As Float
      Z2          As Float
      X3          As Float
      Y3          As Float
      Z3          As Float
      Diffuse1    As Dword
      Diffuse2    As Dword
      Diffuse3    As Dword
      Alpha1      As Float
      Alpha2      As Float
      Alpha3      As Float
      ObjectID    As Dword
   EndType

   Dim Tri(0) As TriType

   Type PointsType
      X           As Float
      Y           As Float
   EndType

   Dim Points(3) As PointsType

   Type CameraType
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      X           As Float
      XRot        As Float
      YRot        As Float
      ZRot        As Float
      FOV         As Float
      Range       As Float
      StartX      As Integer
      StartY      As Integer
      EndX        As Integer
      EndY        As Integer
      OffCheck    As Integer
   EndType

   Dim Camera(0) As CameraType

   Camera(0).StartX   = 0
   Camera(0).StartY   = 0
   Camera(0).EndX     = Screen Width()
   Camera(0).EndY     = Screen Height()
   Camera(0).OffCheck = 1000

    Global PixelsPointer
    Global CameraW      As Dword
    Global CameraH      As Dword
    Global BackdropR    As Byte
    Global BackdropG    As Byte
    Global BackdropB    As Byte
    Global BackdropA    As Byte

    CameraW = Screen Width()  * 0.5
    CameraH = Screen Height() * 0.5

    BackdropR = 128
    BackdropG = 128
    BackdropB = 128
    BackdropA = 255

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Variables_Declare_Camera:

   type vec3
      x as float
      y as float
      z as float
   endtype

   type vecvec3
      x as vec3
      y as vec3
      z as vec3
   endtype

   type camera_type
      angle as vec3
      axis as vecvec3
      position as vec3
      fov as float
      aspect_ratio as float
   endtype

   global camera as camera_type
   camera.fov=80
   camera.aspect_ratio=(1.0*screen width())/screen height()

Return

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Camera_Angle_X()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.x
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Y()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.y
EndFunction ReturnValue

Function Camera_Angle_Z()
   Local ReturnValue As Float
   ReturnValue = camera.angle.z
EndFunction ReturnValue

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Rotate_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   camera.angle.x = X
   camera.angle.y = Y
   camera.angle.z = Z
   update_camera()

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Position_Camera( X As Float , Y As Float , Z As Float )

   camera.position.x = X
   camera.position.y = Y
   camera.position.z = Z

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.z.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.z.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.z.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Left( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Right( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.x.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.x.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.x.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Up( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Move_Camera_Down( Distance As Float )

   camera.position.x = camera.position.x + camera.axis.y.x * - Distance
   camera.position.y = camera.position.y + camera.axis.y.y * - Distance
   camera.position.z = camera.position.z + camera.axis.y.z * - Distance

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Function Get_Tri_Point( PointID , x0#,y0#,z0# )

   x0#=x0#-camera.position.x
   y0#=y0#-camera.position.y
   z0#=z0#-camera.position.z

   x00#=x0#*camera.axis.x.x+y0#*camera.axis.x.y+z0#*camera.axis.x.z
   y00#=x0#*camera.axis.y.x+y0#*camera.axis.y.y+z0#*camera.axis.y.z
   z00#=x0#*camera.axis.z.x+y0#*camera.axis.z.y+z0#*camera.axis.z.z
   if z00#<=0 then exitfunction
   x0=(x00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*CameraW+CameraW
   y0=(0-y00#/z00#)/tan(camera.fov*0.5)*camera.aspect_ratio*CameraH+CameraH

   Points(PointID).X = x0
   Points(PointID).Y = y0

EndFunction

`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function update_camera()
   xx0#=1:xy0#=0:xz1#=0:yx0#=0:yy0#=1:yz1#=0:zx2#=0:zy1#=0:zz1#=1
   xx2#=xx0#*cos(camera.angle.z):xy1#=xx0#*sin(camera.angle.z)
   yx2#=-yy0#*sin(camera.angle.z):yy1#=yy0#*cos(camera.angle.z)
   xy2#=xy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-xz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   xz2#=xz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+xy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yy2#=yy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-yz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   yz2#=yz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+yy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zy2#=zy1#*cos(camera.angle.x)-zz1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   zz2#=zz1#*cos(camera.angle.x)+zy1#*sin(camera.angle.x)
   camera.axis.x.x=xx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+xz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.x.y=xy2#
   camera.axis.x.z=xz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-xx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.x=yx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+yz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.y.y=yy2#
   camera.axis.y.z=yz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-yx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.x=zx2#*cos(camera.angle.y)+zz2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
   camera.axis.z.y=zy2#
   camera.axis.z.z=zz2#*cos(camera.angle.y)-zx2#*sin(camera.angle.y)
endfunction

Enjoy

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Bye, Berserk.
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n008

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Posted: 22nd May 2007 20:34 Edited at: 22nd May 2007 20:35

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Thanks, i've got to buy this! DBpro is awesome!!

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Thc03

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Posted: 22nd May 2007 23:56

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DBPro is awesome as you say.
If you wish to code games, I really can't figure out where should I be now without it.
Let's consider a single thing: you wish to follow a C++ tutorial on how to draw sprites: how do you know if your own version will work the same?
DarkBasic lets you quickly test such an idea, with the guarantee your logic errors will be the only failure cause.
As example, want to test out Bresenham's line plotting algorithm? Use dot command and you're on the way.
DBPro is awesome.
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n008

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Posted: 23rd May 2007 02:52

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erm, is this like a model editor or something? I don't get it!

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Thc03

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Posted: 23rd May 2007 08:31

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No, DarkBasic Pro is a Basic language with a DirectX wrapper.
But, if you wish to learn how to code on your own, you get the full DirectX power in a simple command set.
I done paint programs, realtime vector-drawing based, sprite based and 3D games, a software based rendering engine (wireframe) and a whole bunch of code batches.

This is for modest game development, but you can experiment far beyond than just using models, textures and putting up a game.
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Indecom

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Posted: 23rd May 2007 14:56

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has anyone thought of adding voxel terrain? i would love to see smooth voxel landscapes!

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Thc03

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Posted: 23rd May 2007 19:09

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As far as I know, voxels are just colored cubes wich resembles pixels (while pixel is a squared dot, a voxel should be a cubed dot).
So if you wish to see such terrain, just making a bunch of cubes could be enough.
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n008

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Posted: 23rd May 2007 21:21

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i know THAT thc03, i meant the SOFT.Ren. thing dark coder made.

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Thc03

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Posted: 24th May 2007 19:00

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Sorry n008.
I thunk otherwise.
It's a software rendering engine, but is not for modeling.
Primitives creation is just to see polygons on the screen, DarkBasic does the same (make object cube/sphere/others).
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n008

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Posted: 25th May 2007 01:18

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oooooooooooooh, lol.

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Indecom

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Posted: 27th May 2007 01:57

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by voxel terrain i meant the kind that was used in the game outcast back in the late nineties. nearly infinite detail, software rendered.

like this, very cool for software only rendering.

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Thc03

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Posted: 27th May 2007 21:54

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Maybe that's fractal terrain?
Fractal terrain sounds familiar, voxel only recalls me those cubic pixel in very-old school demos.
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Indecom

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Posted: 28th May 2007 06:23

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those are voxels, i have programmed them before, the terrain is basically draw on line at a time, starting at the bottom of the screen and moving up to the terrain height in accordance to distance, camera height and so on. They are the reason why i started using dbpro, gamemaker was far too slow to calculate the voxels at a playable rate.

check out the following site to see what i mean:

http://www.massal.net/article/voxel/

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Thc03

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Posted: 28th May 2007 08:44

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I read that page, Voxel is still this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel
That page explains they used Voxel to render an heightmap without placing textures on it, then they done a bicubic interpolation on both the beackground and the heightmap to obtain that detail illusion.
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Indecom

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Posted: 28th May 2007 10:46

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Yeah, i know, i did have voxlap some time ago, it is a free c based voxel engine you can google if you like.

anywhoo, i think it would be cool to see voxel terrain implemented into this engine!

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n008

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Posted: 29th May 2007 04:21

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Erm, gamemaker is 3d compatible!?! Gosh, i thought it was an arcade-game maker.

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Zotoaster

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Posted: 29th May 2007 04:29

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Looks really cool... BUT WHY DID YOU HAVE TO HAVE NUMBERED OBJECTS?!!?!

Heheh, keep up the amazing work anyhow

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dark coder

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Posted: 29th May 2007 08:59

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Because using an index value to reference objects is the fastest? Using a hash table so you could access them using strings would be a lot slower and rather pointless, just use a constant or a variable if you don't want to write numbers.

Quote: "anywhoo, i think it would be cool to see voxel terrain implemented into this engine!"

Well the code is there

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Thc03

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Posted: 29th May 2007 09:29

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GameMaker is not really "3D compatible", but offers Irrlicht plug-in for 3D Game Making.
It's also exactly as you would see in Irrlicht, so it's quite cool.
The problem is, an executable will always look as a GameMaker's executable, is not really statisfacting and neither easy to sell.
Use it, if you just wish to get the job done. Otherwise, use Irrlicht directly, with IrrWizard and IrrEdit.
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Indecom

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Posted: 29th May 2007 10:18

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Actually, i programmed a software renderer in gamemaker using its 2d commands. but the interpretation of the gml source code into delphi causes a slow down, and there is no fast way to get a pixel color at a spot on a texture. So, yeah, it was my first attempt tho, at creating a voxel let alone software 3d engine. it was a good learning experience but way too slow to be practical!

ps, the new gamemaker 6 and up include inbuilt 3d functions, but no advanced shaders or model support without knowing extensive gml programming!

Anyways, back on track, this engine.
i like it.

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Thc03

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Posted: 29th May 2007 21:58

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Yes, I know GameMaker.
I used it as well, and it'd nice. But, as I sayd, 3D and GameMaker don't really "agree".
Check out the Irrlicht plug-in, it's linked on the Irrlicht page.
As for Voxel and terrains, maybe you'll want to try with Allegro?
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Thc03

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Posted: 29th May 2007 21:59

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P.S.: Let's stop posting OT. I would like to keep answeinr you by either email or another thread, but ket's avoid this being locked.
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alucart13

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Posted: 18th Jun 2007 22:47

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not bad!

+ Code Snippet

 Bring the fire, as I fall into oblivion I'll be thinking of you

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Code Snippets / [DBP] The DarkBASIC Pro software renderer.