Some basic shortcut keys that you should know are:
a - toggle selection of all on/off
s - scale selection can be modified by an axis by following up with x,y, or z keys
r - rotate selection can be modified by an axis same as scale
g - grab/move selection can be modified by an axis same as scale
x - delete selection
f - fill in an edge or face depending on selected vertices
shift d - duplicate selection
alt m - merge vertices
tab - toggle edit mode/object mode
space bar - brings up a quick menu for adding things/editing things/selecting things
w and ctrl e - brings up more advanced editing options menus
numpad keys - changes the view port views 7 top down, 1 front, 3 side, 0 camera
f12 - render current frame
anything else you need can be found in the menus and will list their shortcuts right there beside them. Somethings are just better to use the mouse and go through the menus.
Seriously though, do the tutorials you will learn all of the main shortcuts within the first couple of lessons AND you will retain them better by using them than trying to memorize a list.