FOR/NEXTs loop for specific ranges like 1 to 10. If you add STEP at the end you can skip numbers in the range or even go backwards from 10 to 1 with STEP -1.
WHILE/ENDWHILEs are useful if you don't always want whats inside the loop to be ran because the condition is checked first before entering the loop.
REPEAT/UNTILs conditional check is at the end so it'll always run what's inside the loop at least once before the check to leave the loop.
All loops can leave in the middle of the loop with the EXIT command (going to the line under the close of the loop).
@ Eminent:
It's like GOSUB but without the ability to RETURN... which is why we don't like to use GOTO at all. If you haven't used it you should at least use it once just to see what it does. You were right to keep away from it and only use GOSUB and functions.