Well before we get into lasers, let's look at the other stuff first:
Quote: "I just don't really know how I would shoot a gun from 2D mouse coordinates and translate it to 3D, and how to make sure the bullets emerge from the gun and not, say, the player's head..."
Now, I'm confused on this one, cause I'm not sure what your asking. Is it you are shooting from the mouse cursor or from a gun like an FPS? (After you've got the basis down for shooting a gun, then we can move on to the laser part)
Quote: "Also: Unrelated, but while I'm here...how would I create an inventory list that the player can use to access items and use them? I know arrays are the obvious way to go, it's just accessing them and using them to show inventory that's a little tricky to figure out."
Depending on the type of inventory then you will have fun doing this. But firstly do you have an idea of the type of inventory you want cause there's so many way we can't go through every one.
A dream is a fantasy, if you achieve that fantasy it was never a dream to begin with.