Hi @Screen!
1-Applying shaders to parts of an object is possible using "SET LIMB EFFECT Object Number, Limb Number, Effect Number"
2-Not sure but there are plenty of water shaders out there. Look up "Fresnel water shader" or check out the effects available free on EVOLVED's site here:
Evolved
3-Again evolved has some good shaders, or there's DarkClouds which makes a pretty good backdrop effect but is slightly buggy
4-Large environments are best created using a modelling program rather than using dbpro primitives as you can add your own LOD (Level Of Detail) optimisation as well as make other optimisation that will help your game run quickly.
I hope that helps?