This is certainly possible, but the way you achieve it depends on what type of tiles you want.
I can imagine two possible types:
A) Plane objects with different textures
Pretty simple: Just create plane objects with the same size and position them in a grid. Then apply textures. You could also use a tileset image from your 2D artwork and place it on the plane tiles by shifting the tileset around.
B) Mesh objects (models)
Not too difficult either. Just make sure each of these tile objects (with as detailed geometry as you want) is the same size in X and Z directions. Maybe create a base tile first (in your modeller program) and create new tiles from this. The same size of the tiles makes it possible for you to align them on a grid. If you really wanted you could also not care about the size when modelling at all, and resize the tile objects to the desired grid size after loading.