It's Linux, so I reckon you probably have the widest choice of languages there is.
Initial speculation is that the 'official' OS is going to be Debian ARM - in which case it should be a simple job of '# apt-get install [...]' as Debian has a huge repository for ARM.
Though there's a new distro built on MeeGo (on top of Debian I think?) which is heavily focused on QT. This might become the official distro, and that's alright because you've got things like QT Creator etc. which make development a lot easier.
I think Python is going to be the language of choice from the start, or possibly C++ with QT. But there's plenty of libraries for both. Don't forget you will need to make slight modifications to get things running on OpenGL ES2 (as opposed to plain old OpenGL). Having never done this before I can't give any pointers there.
There's also an initial limit of one device per customer for the first 10K units. Though there's a competition by Nokia at the moment where you could win one - they have 400 to give away and only ~250 have signed up.
http://wiki.qt-project.org/Qt_RaspberryPi/Device_program
Oh, and here's a picture of the 'Alpha' board - the Beta is a fair bit different due to the power jack which is now Micro USB (so it can be powered directly from a PC), and the placement of the IO ports + headers.
Board layout (final)P