Good short answer! My initial response was much longer and then I decided to wait while I researched something.
I know for certain (because I just agreed to the updated licenses) that to distribute in the Mac App Store that you absolutely must build and package the app using Xcode on a Mac.
I had thought that was the same for the iOS App Store (and iTunes), but I cannot find any language like that in the iOS Developer license. You do need a Mac and Xcode to attach to the device and install add the device to your devices list in the Provisioning Portal.
Cheers,
Ancient Lady
AGK Community Tester