I've been using heuristics for years but only learned the word myself the other day!
In mathematics if you want to arrive at an answer and you know the question you use algebra, ie. a+b=c.
If you don't know the question then you use heuristics and it's actually quite simple.
You need a frame of reference to work with of course and as we dont know the question, we look at the possible answers. Let's assume a route-finding example as this is perhaps the easiest to explain.
If my choices are up, right, down, and left then those are my possible answers so to work out which one is correct I will use heuristics to 'points score' them using a weighting system.
My destination is above me and slightly to the right, so UP scores 5pts and RIGHT scores 2pts.
However there is a road running from the square below me to the square on my right, so RIGHT and DOWN score 4pts bonus each for the road.
Due to gradient changes to my right where there is a steap hill, it scores -3pts.
My totals are:
UP = 5pts
RIGHT = 2pts+4pts-3pts = 3pts
DOWN = 4pts
LEFT = 0pts
So in this example I would move up. I got to the answer despite not having an algebratic formula for it - this is called heuristics. In the case of route-finding, this heuristic method is reffered to as A*.
Pneumatic Dryll, Outrageous epic cleric of EQ/Xev
God made the world in 7 days, but we're still waiting for the patch.