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Ric

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Joined: 11th Jul 2004

Location: object position x

Posted: 1st Mar 2005 03:22 Edited at: 1st Mar 2005 08:36

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Well so far my physics is a bit of a failure. Having said that, if you can hit the cueball and avoid making contact with any other balls, it moves quite nicely! Here it is anyway ......

<edit> - code updated below ...

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Phaelax

DBPro Master

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Joined: 16th Apr 2003

Location: Metropia

Posted: 1st Mar 2005 07:12 Edited at: 1st Mar 2005 07:35

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here's a solution to the rotation. Take your velocity vector and it apply it to the X and Z axii.

xrotate ball Xvector
Zrotate ball Zvector

snooker physics by hamish mchaggis
http://www.dannywartnaby.co.uk/rgt/index.php?board=8;action=display;threadid=2053

"eureka" - Archimedes

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Ric

20

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 11th Jul 2004

Location: object position x

Posted: 1st Mar 2005 08:38 Edited at: 1st Mar 2005 11:19

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OK - here goes again:

REM Project: Billiards Physics

if check display mode(1024,768,32)=1 then set display mode 1024,768,32
sync on:sync rate 90
hide mouse
autocam off
position camera 0,40,-300
color backdrop 0
hide light 0
set ambient light 1
make light 1
position light 1,-500,500,-500
set light range 1,10000
global power#
power#=100.0

global dim ball_speed#(16)

global hit

global cueball_speed#

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
make_target()

do

if keystate(17)=1 then rotate_x(9,1.0)
   if keystate(18)=1 then rotate_y(9,1.0)
   if keystate(19)=1 then rotate_z(9,1.0)

position_camera()

if hit=0 then aim_cueball()

if mouseclick()=1 and hit=0
     hit=1
     ball_speed#(16)=power#/40.0
   endif

if hit=1

collide_with_cushions()
     collide_with_balls()
     move_balls()
   endif

update_shadows()

`text 0,0,str$(screen fps())

sync
loop
end

function rotate_x(object,angle#)
   xrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle x(object))
endfunction

function rotate_y(object,angle#)
   yrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle y(object))
   `zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+abs(90-object angle x(object))+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rotate_z(object,angle#)
   zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*11
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,11,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-11,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
for x=0 to 10
for y=0 to 10
ink RGB(50+x*20,50+(y+x)*10,50),0
dot x,y
next y
next x
get image 20,0,0,10,10

make object plain 20,500,1000
      xrotate object 20,-90
      yrotate object 20,-180
      texture object 20,20
      set object emissive 20,rgb(50,50,10)
      make object box 21,15,15,1030
      texture object 21,20
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      texture object 22,20
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      texture object 23,20
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      texture object 24,20
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5

ink rgb(255,255,255),0
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

make object sphere 16,20,20,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

for ball=1 to 16
     set object specular ball,rgb(200,200,200)
     set object specular power ball,25
     set object emissive ball,rgb(50,50,10)
     make object sphere ball+30,20,20,20
     color object ball+30,0
     scale object ball+30,150,1,100
     yrotate object ball+30,-45
     ghost object on ball+30,4

next ball

endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

function make_target()

make object cube 17,1
hide object 17

endfunction

function position_camera()

if hit=1 then smoothness=300 else smoothness=100
position camera curvevalue(object position x(16),camera position x(),50),100,curvevalue(object position z(16),camera position z(),50)
yrotate camera curveangle(object angle y(16),camera angle y(),smoothness)
move camera -5

endfunction

function aim_cueball()

yrotate object 16,object angle y(16)+mousemovex()/3.0
power#=power#-mousemovey()
position object 17,object position x(16),object position y(16),object position z(16)
yrotate object 17,object angle y(16)
move object 17,power#

line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)-10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)+10,
line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)+10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)-10,

endfunction

function collide_with_cushions()

for ball=1 to 16

if object position x(ball)>240 or object position x(ball)<-240
    if object position x(ball)>240 then x#=240
    if object position x(ball)<-240 then x#=-240
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,object angle y(ball)*-1
  endif

if object position z(ball)>490 or object position z(ball)<-490
    if object position z(ball)>490 then z#=490
    if object position z(ball)<-490 then z#=-490
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,(object angle y(ball)*-1)+180
  endif

next ball

endfunction

function update_shadows()

for ball=1 to 16
position object ball+30,object position x(ball)+8,object position y(ball)-9,object position z(ball)+8
next ball

endfunction

function find_distance(x1#,z1#,x2#,z2#)
distance#=sqrt(((x2#-x1#)*(x2#-x1#))+((z2#-z1#)*(z2#-z1#)))
endfunction distance#

function find_bearing(object1,object2)
objectbearing#=atanfull(object position x(object2)-object position x(object1),object position z(object2)-object position z(object1))
endfunction objectbearing#

function collide_with_balls()

n=0
`go through all every ball

for object=1 to 16

`and text for collision against every other ball
`except combinations already checked (n-values)

for target=1+n to 16

if object=target

else

distance#=find_distance(object position x(object),object position z(object),object position x(target),object position z(target))

if distance#<20

move object object,-(20-distance#)

remstart
    -------------------------------------------------------------
    ioa#: initial object angle
    foa#: finial object angle
    ita#: initial target angle
    fta#: final target angle

bearing# is the angle between object and target's centres, and defines the p-direction
    the normal to this line is the q-direction

iovp#, iovq#: initial object velocity in p and q directions
    fovp#, fovq#: final object velocity in p and q directions
    itvp#, itvq#: initial target velocity in p and q directions
    ftvp#, ftvq#: final target velocity in p and q directions

ioa_p#: angle between ioa# and p-direction
    ita_p#: angle between ita# and p-direction
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    remend

`get object and target initial angles
    ioa#=wrapvalue(object angle y(object))
    ita#=wrapvalue(object angle y(target))

`get bearing between object and target
    bearing#=find_bearing(object,target)

velo#=ball_speed#(object)
    velt#=ball_speed#(target)

`Work out the new velocities of the balls using trig
    `These four lines by Hamish McHaggis
    velX1# = SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velY1# = COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velX2# = SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#
    velY2# = COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#

`work out final angles and rotate
    foa#=atanfull(velX1#,velY1#)
    fta#=atanfull(velX2#,velY2#)

fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,-foa#
    yrotate object target,-fta#
    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,foa#
    yrotate object target,fta#

`Pythagurus gives the resultant velocities
    ball_speed#(object)=sqrt(velX1#^2+velY1#^2)
    ball_speed#(target)=sqrt(velX2#^2+velY2#^2)

endif
  endif

next target
  inc n
next object

endfunction

function move_balls()

stopped=0
for ball=1 to 16

vx#=ball_speed#(ball)*sin(object angle y(ball))
vz#=ball_speed#(ball)*cos(object angle y(ball))

x#=object position x(ball)
z#=object position z(ball)

inc x#,vx#
inc z#,vz#

position object ball,x#,10,z#

xrotate object ball,object angle x(ball)+vx#
zrotate object ball,object angle z(ball)+vz#

ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.995
if ball_speed#(ball)<0.1 then ball_speed#(ball)=0:inc stopped
next ball

if stopped=16 then hit=0

endfunction

+ Code Snippet

REM Project: Billiards Physics

if check display mode(1024,768,32)=1 then set display mode 1024,768,32
sync on:sync rate 90
hide mouse
autocam off
position camera 0,40,-300
color backdrop 0
hide light 0
set ambient light 1
make light 1
position light 1,-500,500,-500
set light range 1,10000
global power#
power#=100.0

global dim ball_speed#(16)

global hit

global cueball_speed#

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
make_target()


do

   if keystate(17)=1 then rotate_x(9,1.0)
   if keystate(18)=1 then rotate_y(9,1.0)
   if keystate(19)=1 then rotate_z(9,1.0)

   position_camera()

   if hit=0 then aim_cueball()

   if mouseclick()=1 and hit=0
     hit=1
     ball_speed#(16)=power#/40.0
   endif

   if hit=1

     collide_with_cushions()
     collide_with_balls()
     move_balls()
   endif

   update_shadows()

   `text 0,0,str$(screen fps())

   sync
loop
end

function rotate_x(object,angle#)
   xrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle x(object))
endfunction

function rotate_y(object,angle#)
   yrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle y(object))
   `zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+abs(90-object angle x(object))+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rotate_z(object,angle#)
   zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle z(object))
endfunction


function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*11
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,11,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-11,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction


function make_pool_table()
for x=0 to 10
for y=0 to 10
ink RGB(50+x*20,50+(y+x)*10,50),0
dot x,y
next y
next x
get image 20,0,0,10,10

   make object plain 20,500,1000
      xrotate object 20,-90
      yrotate object 20,-180
      texture object 20,20
      set object emissive 20,rgb(50,50,10)
      make object box 21,15,15,1030
      texture object 21,20
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      texture object 22,20
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      texture object 23,20
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      texture object 24,20
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5

ink rgb(255,255,255),0
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

   make object sphere 16,20,20,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0


   for ball=1 to 16
     set object specular ball,rgb(200,200,200)
     set object specular power ball,25
     set object emissive ball,rgb(50,50,10)
     make object sphere ball+30,20,20,20
     color object ball+30,0
     scale object ball+30,150,1,100
     yrotate object ball+30,-45
     ghost object on ball+30,4

   next ball

endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

function make_target()

make object cube 17,1
hide object 17

endfunction

function position_camera()

if hit=1 then smoothness=300 else smoothness=100
position camera curvevalue(object position x(16),camera position x(),50),100,curvevalue(object position z(16),camera position z(),50)
yrotate camera curveangle(object angle y(16),camera angle y(),smoothness)
move camera -5

endfunction

function aim_cueball()

yrotate object 16,object angle y(16)+mousemovex()/3.0
power#=power#-mousemovey()
position object 17,object position x(16),object position y(16),object position z(16)
yrotate object 17,object angle y(16)
move object 17,power#

line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)-10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)+10,
line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)+10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)-10,

endfunction


function collide_with_cushions()

for ball=1 to 16

  if object position x(ball)>240 or object position x(ball)<-240
    if object position x(ball)>240 then x#=240
    if object position x(ball)<-240 then x#=-240
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,object angle y(ball)*-1
  endif

  if object position z(ball)>490 or object position z(ball)<-490
    if object position z(ball)>490 then z#=490
    if object position z(ball)<-490 then z#=-490
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,(object angle y(ball)*-1)+180
  endif

next ball

endfunction

function update_shadows()

for ball=1 to 16
position object ball+30,object position x(ball)+8,object position y(ball)-9,object position z(ball)+8
next ball

endfunction

function find_distance(x1#,z1#,x2#,z2#)
distance#=sqrt(((x2#-x1#)*(x2#-x1#))+((z2#-z1#)*(z2#-z1#)))
endfunction distance#

function find_bearing(object1,object2)
objectbearing#=atanfull(object position x(object2)-object position x(object1),object position z(object2)-object position z(object1))
endfunction objectbearing#

function collide_with_balls()

n=0
`go through all every ball

for object=1 to 16

`and text for collision against every other ball
`except combinations already checked (n-values)

  for target=1+n to 16

  if object=target

  else

  distance#=find_distance(object position x(object),object position z(object),object position x(target),object position z(target))

  if distance#<20

    move object object,-(20-distance#)

    remstart
    -------------------------------------------------------------
    ioa#: initial object angle
    foa#: finial object angle
    ita#: initial target angle
    fta#: final target angle

    bearing# is the angle between object and target's centres, and defines the p-direction
    the normal to this line is the q-direction

    iovp#, iovq#: initial object velocity in p and q directions
    fovp#, fovq#: final object velocity in p and q directions
    itvp#, itvq#: initial target velocity in p and q directions
    ftvp#, ftvq#: final target velocity in p and q directions

    ioa_p#: angle between ioa# and p-direction
    ita_p#: angle between ita# and p-direction
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    remend

    `get object and target initial angles
    ioa#=wrapvalue(object angle y(object))
    ita#=wrapvalue(object angle y(target))

    `get bearing between object and target
    bearing#=find_bearing(object,target)

    velo#=ball_speed#(object)
    velt#=ball_speed#(target)

    `Work out the new velocities of the balls using trig
    `These four lines by Hamish McHaggis
    velX1# = SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velY1# = COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velX2# = SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#
    velY2# = COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#

    `work out final angles and rotate
    foa#=atanfull(velX1#,velY1#)
    fta#=atanfull(velX2#,velY2#)

    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,-foa#
    yrotate object target,-fta#
    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,foa#
    yrotate object target,fta#

    `Pythagurus gives the resultant velocities
    ball_speed#(object)=sqrt(velX1#^2+velY1#^2)
    ball_speed#(target)=sqrt(velX2#^2+velY2#^2)

    endif
  endif

  next target
  inc n
next object

endfunction

function move_balls()

stopped=0
for ball=1 to 16

vx#=ball_speed#(ball)*sin(object angle y(ball))
vz#=ball_speed#(ball)*cos(object angle y(ball))

x#=object position x(ball)
z#=object position z(ball)

inc x#,vx#
inc z#,vz#

position object ball,x#,10,z#

xrotate object ball,object angle x(ball)+vx#
zrotate object ball,object angle z(ball)+vz#

ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.995
if ball_speed#(ball)<0.1 then ball_speed#(ball)=0:inc stopped
next ball

if stopped=16 then hit=0

endfunction

Seems to work okayish. Note four lines of code borrowed from H McHaggis (thanks for the link Phaelax.)

Still to perfect the rotation ......

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RiiDii

19

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 20th Jan 2005

Location: Inatincan

Posted: 1st Mar 2005 08:51 Edited at: 1st Mar 2005 16:14

Link

Okay, here's my wip on this (posting so I can load it easily from home

). I'm working on the physics from a transfer of energy perspective along each axis (x & z for now). This way I don't have to play around so much with the trig. So far, I got the cue ball to shoot and stick rather nicely to the rack of balls.

REM Project: Billiards Physics
REM Created: 2/20/2005 2:16:41 PM
REM
REM ***** Main Source File *****
REM
Sync On
Sync Rate 0
`Autocam Off

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates
Global FPS as Float
Global Bounce as Float
Global Friction as Float
Global SpinPass as Float
Friction =.995
SpinPass = .55

Type Physics
   velocity as Coordinates
   vcount as float
   spin as Coordinates
   scount as float
   angle as Coordinates
   acount as float
   energy as float
EndType
Dim pool_balls(2,16) as Physics

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
Flag=0
`Position Camera 0,100,0
`Return_Object(1)
`Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z

do
   FPS = Screen FPS()
   Set cursor 0,0
   Print "FPS=";FPS
   Flag=Shoot(Flag)
   control camera using arrowkeys 0,500/FPS,500/FPS
   Move_Balls()
   sync
loop
end

Function Shoot(Flag)
   If Flag <> 0 Or FPS<30 Then ExitFunction Flag
   pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.z=.8
   pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.x=-.02
   pool_balls(1,16).Energy=40
EndFunction 1

Function Move_Balls()
   Steps=10
   For c=1 to Steps
   Clear_reactions()
      For i=1 to 15
         For j=i+1 to 16
            if i<>j
               If Object Collision(i,j)<>0
                  PassXZ(i,j)
               Endif
            endif
         Next j
      Next i
      For i = 1 to 16
         If pool_balls(2,i).vcount<>0
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
            pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(2,i).Energy/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         Endif
         If Pool_Balls(1,i).Energy<>0
            pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy-(pool_balls(1,i).Energy*((1-Friction)/Steps))
            If pool_balls(1,i).Energy<.0001 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
            If pool_balls(1,i).Energy>40 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=40
            Return_Object(i)
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            If Object Collision(i,21) Or Object Collision(i,22)
               pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*-.98
               movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            Endif
            If Object Collision(i,23) Or Object Collision(i,24)
               pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*-.98
               movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            Endif
            Roll Object Right i,movex#*3.1415
            Pitch Object Down i,movez#*3.1415
         Endif
      Next i
   Next c
EndFunction

Function PassXZ(ObjectID,TargetID)
`Two balls are overlapping. Passes the fastest x/z direction away from each other
Return_Object(ObjectID):Return_Target(TargetID)
px#=Object.x-Target.x
pz#=Object.z-Target.z
dist#=25
range#=Sqrt(px#^2+pz#^2)
factor#=dist#-range#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x+(px#/range#)
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z+(pz#/range#)
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x+(px#/range#)*-1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z+(pz#/range#)*-1
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy+factor#*.5
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy+factor#*.5
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount+1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount=pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount+1
EndFunction

Function Clear_Reactions()
   For i=1 to 16
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.y=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.y
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z
      pool_balls(2,i).vcount=1
      pool_balls(2,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy
   Next i
EndFunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*10
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,12,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-12,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
   make object plain 20,500,1000
   xrotate object 20,-90
      color object 20,RGB(37,125,15)
   make object box 21,15,15,1030
      color object 21,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      color object 22,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      color object 23,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      color object 24,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

make object sphere 16,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

For i = 1 to 16
      Set Object Collision To Spheres i
      pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
   Next i
endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

Function Sign(num as float)
t#=(num>0)-(num<0)
EndFunction t#

+ Code Snippet

REM Project: Billiards Physics
REM Created: 2/20/2005 2:16:41 PM
REM
REM ***** Main Source File *****
REM
Sync On
Sync Rate 0
`Autocam Off

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates
Global FPS as Float
Global Bounce as Float
Global Friction as Float
Global SpinPass as Float
Friction =.995
SpinPass = .55

Type Physics
   velocity as Coordinates
   vcount as float
   spin as Coordinates
   scount as float
   angle as Coordinates
   acount as float
   energy as float
EndType
Dim pool_balls(2,16) as Physics

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
Flag=0
`Position Camera 0,100,0
`Return_Object(1)
`Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z


do
   FPS = Screen FPS()
   Set cursor 0,0
   Print "FPS=";FPS
   Flag=Shoot(Flag)
   control camera using arrowkeys 0,500/FPS,500/FPS
   Move_Balls()
   sync
loop
end

Function Shoot(Flag)
   If Flag <> 0 Or FPS<30 Then ExitFunction Flag
   pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.z=.8
   pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.x=-.02
   pool_balls(1,16).Energy=40
EndFunction 1

Function Move_Balls()
   Steps=10
   For c=1 to Steps
   Clear_reactions()
      For i=1 to 15
         For j=i+1 to 16
            if i<>j
               If Object Collision(i,j)<>0
                  PassXZ(i,j)
               Endif
            endif
         Next j
      Next i
      For i = 1 to 16
         If pool_balls(2,i).vcount<>0
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
            pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(2,i).Energy/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         Endif
         If Pool_Balls(1,i).Energy<>0
            pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy-(pool_balls(1,i).Energy*((1-Friction)/Steps))
            If pool_balls(1,i).Energy<.0001 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
            If pool_balls(1,i).Energy>40 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=40
            Return_Object(i)
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            If Object Collision(i,21) Or Object Collision(i,22)
               pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*-.98
               movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            Endif
            If Object Collision(i,23) Or Object Collision(i,24)
               pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*-.98
               movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy/Steps
               Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
            Endif
            Roll Object Right i,movex#*3.1415
            Pitch Object Down i,movez#*3.1415
         Endif
      Next i
   Next c
EndFunction

Function PassXZ(ObjectID,TargetID)
`Two balls are overlapping. Passes the fastest x/z direction away from each other
Return_Object(ObjectID):Return_Target(TargetID)
px#=Object.x-Target.x
pz#=Object.z-Target.z
dist#=25
range#=Sqrt(px#^2+pz#^2)
factor#=dist#-range#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x+(px#/range#)
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z+(pz#/range#)
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x+(px#/range#)*-1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z+(pz#/range#)*-1
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy+factor#*.5
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy+factor#*.5
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount+1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount=pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount+1
EndFunction

Function Clear_Reactions()
   For i=1 to 16
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.y=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.y
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z
      pool_balls(2,i).vcount=1
      pool_balls(2,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy
   Next i
EndFunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*10
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,12,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-12,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
   make object plain 20,500,1000
   xrotate object 20,-90
      color object 20,RGB(37,125,15)
   make object box 21,15,15,1030
      color object 21,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      color object 22,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      color object 23,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      color object 24,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

   make object sphere 16,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

   For i = 1 to 16
      Set Object Collision To Spheres i
      pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
   Next i
endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction


Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

Function Sign(num as float)
t#=(num>0)-(num<0)
EndFunction t#

Edit: Seems to work. It is "transferring" the energy. Not entirely sure how correct the physics are - still working on them. I want to blend more velocities, but glancing a ball seems to work just fine. Also, just the basics. The balls spin, but spin does not affect the physics.

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

REALITY II

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Ric

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Location: object position x

Posted: 1st Mar 2005 09:08

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Learning evaluation:

Just noticed everyone is using types. Never used them before, and it's only just now that it's dawned on me what they're for! The other thing I've learned from this excercise is programming entirely in functions - never done that before now, but I can see big advantages. Also, if I was starting again, I would probably work in seperate x and z directions as everyone else seems to have done.

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Coding Fodder

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Posted: 1st Mar 2005 10:38

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I like all the collaboration on this one. Chris/phaelax thanks for psoting the rotation workaround. I still would like to see true rotation to show spin... I am leaving for a week tomorrow morning though and won't be able to work on it in time.

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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Ric

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Posted: 1st Mar 2005 11:27

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Yes, this one definitely needed a team approach! I've just tried to incorporate rotation based on the points mentioned above, but it's still not quite right - they move more like ice hockey pucks!

It would be good to see a solid engine completed, even if it does go past the deadline, and then perhaps future challenges could use the engine to do things like adding pockets, or a scoring system etc. (A super hard AI challenge could be on the cards, too - creating an opponent!

)

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RiiDii

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Posted: 1st Mar 2005 11:30

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You may be on to something Ric. A set of challenges with an end goal in mind resulting in a complete collaboration project. Hmmmm....

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

REALITY II

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Coding Fodder

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Posted: 1st Mar 2005 11:40

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Hmm. If this thing is going to gain its own life. I would preffer that the collision be timer based and use prediction rather than checking to see if the balls are inside each other. That is how I am going to write it anyway

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 1st Mar 2005 22:15

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yes i think this post should kinda turn into a team (although im not helping much

cause im not good with the physics stuff i good at AI (so i could help there

)) you guys wannna be a team and make a fully functional pool game?(it is usually the same ppl here so it wont be to confusing

Hope ya agree,
Kimo Sabi

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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Ric

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 01:40 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 01:53

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Uhoh - what have I started!

I was just suggesting the possibility of using the code for future challenges - I wasn't making a team request! We need to make sure these challenges are accessable to newcomers too, so we shouldn't get too heavily involved in any one particular theme here - any spin off community projects, for example, need to be discussed in a different forum!

Anyway, almost time for a new challenge, Phaelax ........

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 01:53

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here i will start a new community post for this (yes i agree stick to this subject post)

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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TEH_CODERER

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 03:27

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Ric's rules!

[url]andrewneale2004@yahoo.com[/url]
http://www.elbsoftware.tk

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Phaelax

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 03:45

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Ummm, how the heck do i judge this one?

"eureka" - Archimedes

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RiiDii

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Joined: 20th Jan 2005

Location: Inatincan

Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 05:10 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 07:59

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Maybe late, but I think I like the physics a little better. Also added a cue stick. Move left/right with arrow keys. Left Mouse Click to build up power (energy). Release Left Mouse button to shoot. Haven't tried at very high Energy levels (>20).

REM Project: Billiards Physics
REM Created: 2/20/2005 2:16:41 PM
REM
REM ***** Main Source File *****
REM
Sync On
Sync Rate 200
`Autocam Off

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates
Global FPS as Float
Global Bounce as Float
Global Friction as Float
Global SpinPass as Float
Global Stick_Energy as Float
Global Stick_Move as Float
Friction =.99
SpinPass = .55

Type Physics
   velocity as Coordinates
   vcount as float
   spin as Coordinates
   scount as float
   angle as Coordinates
   acount as float
   energy as float
EndType
Dim pool_balls(2,16) as Physics

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
Make_Cue_Stick()
rack_balls()
Flag=0
`Position Camera 0,100,0
`Return_Object(1)
`Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z

do
   FPS = Screen FPS()
   Set cursor 0,0
   Print "FPS=";FPS
   control camera using arrowkeys 0,500/FPS,500/FPS
   m=Move_Balls()
   if m=0 Then Move_Cue_Stick() Else Hide Object 30
   sync
loop
end

Function Shoot()
   If MouseClick()=1
      Stick_Energy=Stick_Energy+.1
      If Stick_Energy<10 Then Stick_Energy=10
      If Stick_Energy>49 Then Stick_Energy=49
      Ink RGB(200,0,0),0
      SE$=Str$(Int(Stick_Energy*10)/10)
      tx=Text Width(SE$):ty=Text Height(SE$)
      Set Cursor Object Screen X(16)-tx/2,Object Screen Y(16)-ty/2
      Print SE$
      Ink RGB(255,255,255),0
   Endif
   If MouseClick()=0 And Stick_Energy>0
      Return_Object(16):Return_Target(30)
      dx#=(Object.x-Target.x):dz#=(Object.z-Target.z)
      vx#=dx#/abs(dx#+dz#):vz#=dz#/abs(dx#+dz#)
      pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.x=vx#
      pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.z=vz#
      pool_balls(1,16).Energy=Stick_Energy
      Stick_Energy=0
   Endif
EndFunction

Function Move_Balls()
   tablemove=0
   Clear_reactions()
   For i=1 to 15
      For j=i+1 to 16
         if i<>j
            If Object Collision(i,j)<>0
               PassXZ(i,j,Steps)
            Endif
         endif
      Next j
   Next i
   For i = 1 to 16
      If pool_balls(2,i).vcount<>0
         pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(2,i).Energy/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
      Endif
      If Pool_Balls(1,i).Energy<>0
         tablemove=1
         pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy-(pool_balls(1,i).Energy*(1-Friction))
         If pool_balls(1,i).Energy<.001 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
         If pool_balls(1,i).Energy>50 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=50
         Return_Object(i)
         movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
         movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
         Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         If Object Collision(i,21) Or Object Collision(i,22)
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*-.9
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         Endif
         If Object Collision(i,23) Or Object Collision(i,24)
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*-.9
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         Endif
         Roll Object Left i,movex#*3.1415
         Pitch Object Down i,movez#*3.1415
      Endif
   Next i
EndFunction tablemove

Function PassXZ(ObjectID,TargetID,incr)
`Two balls are overlapping. Passes the fastest x/z direction away from each other and shares energy
Return_Object(ObjectID):Return_Target(TargetID)
dx#=Object.x-Target.x
dz#=Object.z-Target.z
SRadius#=(10^2)*2
SDist#=(dx#^2+dz#^2)
Factor#=SRadius#/(SDist#*50)
a#=ATanFull(dx#,dz#)
vx#=sin(a#)
vz#=cos(a#)

pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x+dx#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z+dz#
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x+dx#*-1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z+dz#*-1
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy=pool_balls(1,TargetID).Energy*.50+Factor#
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy=pool_balls(1,ObjectID).Energy*.50+Factor#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount+1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount=pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount+1
EndFunction

Function Clear_Reactions()
   For i=1 to 16
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.y=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.y
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z
      pool_balls(2,i).vcount=1
      pool_balls(2,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy
   Next i
EndFunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*10
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,12,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-12,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
   make object plain 20,500,1000
   xrotate object 20,-90
      color object 20,RGB(37,125,15)
   make object box 21,15,15,1030
      color object 21,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      color object 22,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      color object 23,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      color object 24,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

make object sphere 16,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

For i = 1 to 16
      Set Object Collision To Spheres i
      Set Object Radius i,10
      pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
   Next i
endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

Function Make_Cue_Stick()
   Make Object Cylinder 30,1
   Make Object Sphere 31,1,8,8
   Make Mesh From Object 31,31
   Delete Object 31
   Add Limb 30,1,31
   Add Limb 30,2,31
   Delete Mesh 31
   Scale Limb 30,0,200,20000,200
   Offset Limb 30,0,0,100,0
   Offset Limb 30,2,0,200,0
   Pitch Object Down 30,90
   Fix Object Pivot 30
   Color Object 30,RGB(64,0,0)
   Return_Object(16)
   Position Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z-250
Endfunction

Function Move_Cue_Stick()
   Show Object 30
   Return_Object(16)
   move#=(Leftkey()-RightKey())*.2
   If Move#<>0 Then Stick_Move=Stick_Move+move# Else Stick_Move=0
   Move Object Left 30,Stick_Move
   Point Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
   Position Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
   Move Object 30,-300
   Return_Target(30)
   Position Camera Target.x,Target.y+80,Target.z
   Move Object 30,70
   Shoot()
   Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
Endfunction

Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

Function Sign(num as float)
t#=(num>0)-(num<0)
EndFunction t#

+ Code Snippet

REM Project: Billiards Physics
REM Created: 2/20/2005 2:16:41 PM
REM
REM ***** Main Source File *****
REM
Sync On
Sync Rate 200
`Autocam Off

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates
Global FPS as Float
Global Bounce as Float
Global Friction as Float
Global SpinPass as Float
Global Stick_Energy as Float
Global Stick_Move as Float
Friction =.99
SpinPass = .55

Type Physics
   velocity as Coordinates
   vcount as float
   spin as Coordinates
   scount as float
   angle as Coordinates
   acount as float
   energy as float
EndType
Dim pool_balls(2,16) as Physics

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
Make_Cue_Stick()
rack_balls()
Flag=0
`Position Camera 0,100,0
`Return_Object(1)
`Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z


do
   FPS = Screen FPS()
   Set cursor 0,0
   Print "FPS=";FPS
   control camera using arrowkeys 0,500/FPS,500/FPS
   m=Move_Balls()
   if m=0 Then Move_Cue_Stick() Else Hide Object 30
   sync
loop
end

Function Shoot()
   If MouseClick()=1
      Stick_Energy=Stick_Energy+.1
      If Stick_Energy<10 Then Stick_Energy=10
      If Stick_Energy>49 Then Stick_Energy=49
      Ink RGB(200,0,0),0
      SE$=Str$(Int(Stick_Energy*10)/10)
      tx=Text Width(SE$):ty=Text Height(SE$)
      Set Cursor Object Screen X(16)-tx/2,Object Screen Y(16)-ty/2
      Print SE$
      Ink RGB(255,255,255),0
   Endif
   If MouseClick()=0 And Stick_Energy>0
      Return_Object(16):Return_Target(30)
      dx#=(Object.x-Target.x):dz#=(Object.z-Target.z)
      vx#=dx#/abs(dx#+dz#):vz#=dz#/abs(dx#+dz#)
      pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.x=vx#
      pool_balls(1,16).Velocity.z=vz#
      pool_balls(1,16).Energy=Stick_Energy
      Stick_Energy=0
   Endif
EndFunction

Function Move_Balls()
   tablemove=0
   Clear_reactions()
   For i=1 to 15
      For j=i+1 to 16
         if i<>j
            If Object Collision(i,j)<>0
               PassXZ(i,j,Steps)
            Endif
         endif
      Next j
   Next i
   For i = 1 to 16
      If pool_balls(2,i).vcount<>0
         pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
         pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(2,i).Energy/pool_balls(2,i).vcount
      Endif
      If Pool_Balls(1,i).Energy<>0
         tablemove=1
         pool_balls(1,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy-(pool_balls(1,i).Energy*(1-Friction))
         If pool_balls(1,i).Energy<.001 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
         If pool_balls(1,i).Energy>50 Then pool_balls(1,i).Energy=50
         Return_Object(i)
         movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
         movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
         Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         If Object Collision(i,21) Or Object Collision(i,22)
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*-.9
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         Endif
         If Object Collision(i,23) Or Object Collision(i,24)
            pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*-.9
            movex#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            movez#=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z*pool_balls(1,i).Energy
            Position Object i,Object.x+movex#,Object.y,Object.z+movez#
         Endif
         Roll Object Left i,movex#*3.1415
         Pitch Object Down i,movez#*3.1415
      Endif
   Next i
EndFunction tablemove

Function PassXZ(ObjectID,TargetID,incr)
`Two balls are overlapping. Passes the fastest x/z direction away from each other and shares energy
Return_Object(ObjectID):Return_Target(TargetID)
dx#=Object.x-Target.x
dz#=Object.z-Target.z
SRadius#=(10^2)*2
SDist#=(dx#^2+dz#^2)
Factor#=SRadius#/(SDist#*50)
a#=ATanFull(dx#,dz#)
vx#=sin(a#)
vz#=cos(a#)

pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.x+dx#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Velocity.z+dz#
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.x+dx#*-1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z=pool_balls(2,TargetID).Velocity.z+dz#*-1
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).Energy=pool_balls(1,TargetID).Energy*.50+Factor#
pool_balls(2,TargetID).Energy=pool_balls(1,ObjectID).Energy*.50+Factor#
pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount=pool_balls(2,ObjectID).vcount+1
pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount=pool_balls(2,TargetID).vcount+1
EndFunction

Function Clear_Reactions()
   For i=1 to 16
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.x=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.x
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.y=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.y
      pool_balls(2,i).Velocity.z=pool_balls(1,i).Velocity.z
      pool_balls(2,i).vcount=1
      pool_balls(2,i).Energy=pool_balls(1,i).Energy
   Next i
EndFunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*10
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,12,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-12,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-24,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-12,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-36,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-24,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-48,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
   make object plain 20,500,1000
   xrotate object 20,-90
      color object 20,RGB(37,125,15)
   make object box 21,15,15,1030
      color object 21,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      color object 22,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      color object 23,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      color object 24,rgb(37,125,15)
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

   make object sphere 16,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

   For i = 1 to 16
      Set Object Collision To Spheres i
      Set Object Radius i,10
      pool_balls(1,i).Energy=0
   Next i
endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

Function Make_Cue_Stick()
   Make Object Cylinder 30,1
   Make Object Sphere 31,1,8,8
   Make Mesh From Object 31,31
   Delete Object 31
   Add Limb 30,1,31
   Add Limb 30,2,31
   Delete Mesh 31
   Scale Limb 30,0,200,20000,200
   Offset Limb 30,0,0,100,0
   Offset Limb 30,2,0,200,0
   Pitch Object Down 30,90
   Fix Object Pivot 30
   Color Object 30,RGB(64,0,0)
   Return_Object(16)
   Position Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z-250
Endfunction

Function Move_Cue_Stick()
   Show Object 30
   Return_Object(16)
   move#=(Leftkey()-RightKey())*.2
   If Move#<>0 Then Stick_Move=Stick_Move+move# Else Stick_Move=0
   Move Object Left 30,Stick_Move
   Point Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
   Position Object 30,Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
   Move Object 30,-300
   Return_Target(30)
   Position Camera Target.x,Target.y+80,Target.z
   Move Object 30,70
   Shoot()
   Point Camera Object.x,Object.y,Object.z
Endfunction

Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

Function Sign(num as float)
t#=(num>0)-(num<0)
EndFunction t#

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

REALITY II

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Ric

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 06:57

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Rii: The sync rate is set to 200, but my pc can only manage 140 fps - so the balls are a bit like lead weights at the moment. I've tried changing the values a bit, but I can't get a good compromise between balls acting naturally when they are bunched together and when they are seperated - ie seperated they go flying, racked up it's like they're glued together.

Also, there is a next c missing at the end of the move balls function.

Anyway, it'll be interesting looking at the physics to see how you tackled it.

@ Phaelax - looks like you're going to have to chose between Rii, CF and me unless Chris gets in a last minute entry.

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Phaelax

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 07:09

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I'll declare CF as the winner, followed by Ric. r2d2, I smacked that pile of balls several times and they hardly moved if at all. Ric, your camera could use a little work. Didn't hold it against ya cause that wasn't the challenge. And CF, how about some Human control, eh?

For the new challenge, though another physics problem, should be easier from my own experience. Come up with a creative way to show off spring physics.

Challenge: To creatively use springs

"eureka" - Archimedes

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RiiDii

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 08:00

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Arrggh. I copied a wip. The Step# and For-c-loop was supposed to be removed. Thanks for trying it out though. I updated the code.

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Ric

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 08:21

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Rii: - that's working better.

OK - theoretically, the winner should be the next challenge setter, then the runner up if the winner isn't available, but as Phaelax's challenge is a good one, I'm happy to go along with that. Will you be around to judge this one Phaelax, and what's the time limit?

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Ric

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 08:26 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 08:42

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CHALLENGE 6

Challenge: To use spring physics creatively

Time limit: 4 Days (until Saturday night, 5/3/05)

Challenge setter: Phaelax

___________________________________________________________________

Phaelax to judge, Ric as reserve judge.

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Phaelax

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 08:37 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 09:30

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oops, hehe i forget you set the challenge. Let's give it until saturday. I can't promise I'll be around though. I'm moving the rest of my stuff on saturday to my new apartment. With the snow storm, it's been hard moving this week. Computer is last thing to go, so I'll check friday night just to see how things are going.

ah crap, I already boxed my "physics for game developers" book and took it to the new place.

"eureka" - Archimedes

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RiiDii

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 09:36 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 09:39

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I need to get me one of those books!

@ Ric: Very good work! Excelent graphics as always! And I like the camera work (takes some getting used to).

(Sorry - haven't had much time to look these through yet)

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Phaelax

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 12:16 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 19:25

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just a basic example.

updated example to draw an actual spring.

x# = 150.0     :` starting position
m# = 10.0      :` mass
R# = 150       :` resting length
K# = 0.6       :` spring coefficient
v# = 0.0       :` velocity
f# = 0.9       :` friction

backdrop on
color backdrop 0
sync on
sync rate 60

dim points(12,1)

repeat

if mousex() > x#-10 and mousex() < x#+10 and flag = 0 and mouseclick()
      mx# = mousex() - x#
      flag = 1
   endif

if flag = 1 and mouseclick()
      x# = mousex() - mx#
   else
      flag = 0
      force# = -k# * (x#-R#)
      v# = (v# + force#/m#)*f#
      x# = x# + v#
   endif

ink rgb(120,120,0),0
   box R#-10,230,R#+10,250
   ink rgb(255,255,255),0
   box x#-10,230,x#+10,250

rem draw spring
   h# = (R#/x#)*20
   if h# > 20 then h# = 20
   offset = x#/12

for t = 1 to 12
      if t mod 2 = 0
         y = h#
      else
         y = -h#
      endif
      points(t,0) = offset*t
      points(t,1) = 240+y
   next t

line 0,240,points(1,0),points(1,1)
   for i = 1 to 12
      j = i+1
      if i = 12
         line points(i,0),points(i,1),x#,240
      else
         line points(i,0),points(i,1),points(j,0),points(j,1)
      endif
   next i
   rem end draw spring

set cursor 0,0
   print "force: ",force#
   print "pos: ",x#

sync
until spacekey()

end

+ Code Snippet


x# = 150.0     :` starting position
m# = 10.0      :` mass
R# = 150       :` resting length
K# = 0.6       :` spring coefficient
v# = 0.0       :` velocity
f# = 0.9       :` friction

backdrop on
color backdrop 0
sync on
sync rate 60

dim points(12,1)


repeat



   if mousex() > x#-10 and mousex() < x#+10 and flag = 0 and mouseclick()
      mx# = mousex() - x#
      flag = 1
   endif

   if flag = 1 and mouseclick()
      x# = mousex() - mx#
   else
      flag = 0
      force# = -k# * (x#-R#)
      v# = (v# + force#/m#)*f#
      x# = x# + v#
   endif



   ink rgb(120,120,0),0
   box R#-10,230,R#+10,250
   ink rgb(255,255,255),0
   box x#-10,230,x#+10,250


   rem draw spring
   h# = (R#/x#)*20
   if h# > 20 then h# = 20
   offset = x#/12

   for t = 1 to 12
      if t mod 2 = 0
         y = h#
      else
         y = -h#
      endif
      points(t,0) = offset*t
      points(t,1) = 240+y
   next t

   line 0,240,points(1,0),points(1,1)
   for i = 1 to 12
      j = i+1
      if i = 12
         line points(i,0),points(i,1),x#,240
      else
         line points(i,0),points(i,1),points(j,0),points(j,1)
      endif
   next i
   rem end draw spring




   set cursor 0,0
   print "force: ",force#
   print "pos: ",x#

   sync
until spacekey()

end

"eureka" - Archimedes

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Chris64

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 14:29

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Well...the pool challenge was a good one. Everytime I reopened the source...my mind would start whirling around trying to nail the last details. By the time I got the balls reacting (and rolling) good my mind was so fried I couldn't think of how to handle the Camera...

OK...this spring thing sounds refreshing. Can anyone elaborate what Spring physics refers to?

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Phaelax

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Posted: 2nd Mar 2005 19:07 Edited at: 2nd Mar 2005 19:09

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It's just what it sounds like, springs.

F = -Kx

F = spring force
K = spring coefficient (0 to 1)
x = current position minus resting position of spring

Still need a small friction force, or the spring will move forever. Stretch the spring outward, and it'll snap back very fast. Push it inward, and it'll push its way back out. Connect multiple springs together to create neat things. The showcase demos my cloth sim using springs. Can't really take total credit on that, the code came from my physics book. I merely adapted it to DBP with slight changes. You could also make jelly. It's neat watching that bounce around.

"eureka" - Archimedes

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RiiDii

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 02:14

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Okay, slight mod to Phaelax's code to test my understanding of this. I think I have the principle down. Now onto bigger things. Thank Phaelax! Great learning experience here!

Rem Test

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates

m# = 10.0      :` mass
R# = 20        :` resting Y length
K# = 0.6       :` spring coefficient
v# = 0.0       :` velocity
f# = 0.98      :` friction

Make Object Cylinder 1,1
Scale Object 1,100,2000,100
Position Object 1,0,0,50

repeat

y#=Object Size Y(1)

if mouseclick()
      y# = y# - MouseMoveY()
   else
      flag = 0
      force# = -k# * (y#-R#)
      v# = (v# + force#/m#)*f#
      y# = y# + v#
   endif

Scale Object 1,100,y#*100,100
   Return_Object(1)
   Position Object 1,Object.x,(y#-R#)/2.0,Object.z
   set cursor 0,0

print "force: ",force#
   print "Size: ",y#

sync
until spacekey()

Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

+ Code Snippet

Rem Test

Type Coordinates
   x as Float
   y as Float
   z as Float
EndType

Global Object as Coordinates
Global Target as Coordinates

m# = 10.0      :` mass
R# = 20        :` resting Y length
K# = 0.6       :` spring coefficient
v# = 0.0       :` velocity
f# = 0.98      :` friction


Make Object Cylinder 1,1
Scale Object 1,100,2000,100
Position Object 1,0,0,50




repeat


   y#=Object Size Y(1)


   if mouseclick()
      y# = y# - MouseMoveY()
   else
      flag = 0
      force# = -k# * (y#-R#)
      v# = (v# + force#/m#)*f#
      y# = y# + v#
   endif

   Scale Object 1,100,y#*100,100
   Return_Object(1)
   Position Object 1,Object.x,(y#-R#)/2.0,Object.z
   set cursor 0,0


   print "force: ",force#
   print "Size: ",y#

   sync
until spacekey()

Function Return_Object(ObjectID)
Object.x=Object Position X(ObjectID):Object.y=Object Position Y(ObjectID):Object.z=Object Position Z(ObjectID)
EndFunction

Function Return_Target(TargetID)
Target.x=Object Position X(TargetID):Target.y=Object Position Y(TargetID):Target.z=Object Position Z(TargetID)
EndFunction

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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RiiDii

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 02:29

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@ Ric (and anyone else). The physics weren't completed on the pool code. I was going to try and do the physics by transferring the energy from one ball to the next: 2 things I wanted to accomplish (eventually).
1) Break the movement down to smaller increments w/out a sync to increase the accuracy (granularity) of the physics and base that on a max Frame Rate so a higher framerate pc could use it's extra processing power to improve the accuracy of the physics. That's why the "For C" loop was in there, but I was removing it for lack of time.
2) Calculate the distribution of energy across a chain, or mass, of 'touching' pool balls before the next move. I hadn't figured out how to do this without compounding the energy each check (i.e. adding the 'same energy' to a ball more than once).

I also wasn't able to finish adding in the percent distribution of energy based on the angle of impact.

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 02:42 Edited at: 3rd Mar 2005 02:43

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my community pool post was a failure

lol but that is ok

yes i must say this codding challenge idea (that i came up with lol) was quite a good idea it's a very good source to teach others for lots of good physics stuff(btw i'll enter my spring challenge entry tonight <<im at school

>>

Thx Everyone,
Kimo Sabi

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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Coding Fodder

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 04:38

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Riidii. I appreciate the problems you are tackling with the pool physics. I am going to tackle them myself when I get back to my beautiful computer a couple weeks from now.

I am going to do it a bit differently though.

I don't think smaller movements is the answer. I am simply going to calculate the equation of motion for each ball and parametrize with respect to time. Then I will solve each combination of equations. for each pair of balls and find the time of intersection. Then I will sort the times to find the smallest value and then use timer based movement till I reach that time. then I will recalculate everything. That way I should only have to do new calculations once every 100 loops or so on average. If the balls are all touching it will just keep recalculating till they seperate. But no time will really have passed (in the computer's world) so it should all work out precisely as true physics. I am going to ry it with streight line trajectories at first then see if I can add rotation to the equation of motion.

I don't know how well I explained that. I have trouble getting Ideas from one side of my skull to the other.

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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RiiDii

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 05:19

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Actually, CF, that's almost identically where I ended up heading this morning. It occured to me that the bit-physics for each ball were too consuming and not always needed. So, if I think you are saying what I was thinking (huh?), then; unless two balls are colliding, then you don't bother to calc the bit-physics. But if they are colliding, you do the bit-physics until they aren't. Then they have their new directions and energy.

I still haven't figured out how to get around the chain-collisions and group-collisions problem. How to pass energy from ball 1 to ball n before moving any of the balls. Also, dividing up the energy appropriately, say when 1 ball collides with 2 balls, the energy should be dispersed between all 3. I was kind of hoping that using the bit-physics would solve most of this, but I'm not sure it would.

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Hamish McHaggis

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 05:52

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RiiDii - Just calculate the collision between two balls, hopefully your simulation will be fast enough to handle group collisions.

Codebase Entry - http://developer.thegamecreators.com/?m=codebase_view&i=d001861d9df91f6096e167b60daf8cb5

Isn't it? Wasn't it? Marvellous!

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Coding Fodder

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 05:52

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Riidii Are you still planning to check for collisions using the
1. move balls
2. check to see if balls are inside one another
3. do collision math

Or
1. calculate pxn(t) and pzn(t) for each ball n
2. calculate t for which px1(t)-px2(t)=0 and pz1(t)-px2(t)=0
3. sort times
4. move
5. collide repeat

If you use the second scheme the multiple ball collisions will work them selves out

Case:

two balls A and B smack into a third C simultaneaously from opposite directions ball C is at rest

The code will identify two collisions that share the same time t.
simply due to program ordering one will be calculated first. The collision routine will set the vel of ball A to 0 and set the vel of ball C to the initial vel of ball A.

Because there was a collision the program must recalculate all collision times. Remember no balls have moved as of yet just their velocities have changed. Because ball B is still contacting ball C the next collision time will be.. well.. right now the same value t as the collision between A and C. The program will chose to evaluate th B,C collision over A,C (which is still in contact) because the velocities of A and C indicate that the were just leaving each other. Balls B and C swap velocities.

Agian before we move anywhere the program is agian forced to recalculate the next collision time. Agian it is the same value of t because all three balls are still contacting. Now B and C have velocities in opposite directions so the computer ignores them and evlauates A,C. C comes to a rest and A takes on the velocity C had, which is inturn the velocity that B had a few calculations ago.

The computer evaluates agian. This time every one is moving away from everyone else and some other collision takes precedence some time t down the road. so we loop happily until that time is reached, Simply placing the balls at the value give by the equations pxn(timer()) and pzn(timer()).

END CASE

Sure the calculations will be fairly slow but it only has to happen once in a while and the timer() based movedment will hide it flawlessly.

Of course my explination is over simplified because I did not take into account the radius of the ball. But, I am sure that it can be done.

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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RiiDii

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 06:41

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@Hamish: That's what I was hoping for. I think in the grand scheme of things, the accuracy would be more than sufficient.

@CF: That's along the lines of what I was thinking this morning. Evaluate all the collisions, pass all the velocities, then move. The problem I had was I came up with a day late

. I'm now wondering on this newest challenge if that's something that could be applied to pool? Basically, the balls are really rebounding the the other balls like inverted springs (think +K# * d#) with a very high (or is it low?) K# value and a very high mass (aka. resistance to movement?) value. Do pool balls act like basket balls when they "bounce"?

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Ric

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 07:58

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Wow this really is going into depth! In terms of using predictive collision rather than real time collision checking, I can see the sense of it in terms of improving computation speed, but for a pool table with 16 balls on it, when you've already got a pretty decent fps, I'm not convinced it's worth the effort. If on the other hand you were trying to simulate much larger particle systems, more like what you might use for scientific research, then I'd see it as essential.

As for using spring physics for collision, that really would be overkill.

Yes, you could, but if you really wanted to simulate the physics as realistically as possible, you could end up doing force calculations on every atom in every ball. But the whole point of 'modelling' a physical process, is that you make assumptions that enable you to produce a realistic outcome in the neatest possible way. For example, if you apply gravity to a character in FPS game, you wouldn't bother calculating the size and direction of the gravity first, as you might do in a planetary simulation - you'd just make the assumption that it is downwards towards the ground.

For my spring physics entry - I was thinking of trying to create a fluid flow simulation, using springs to calculate the surface tension - i.e. the force between vertices of a 3d object. Problem is, I've got to learn about vertex manipulation first - anyone know of any tutorials on this?

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RiiDii

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 08:24

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Hey - Ric's onto something! Calculate the impact of every atom with global circular gravity! Let's give a shot.

+ Code Snippet

Just Kidding! :o)

I'll say these coding challenges are fun!

For my spring simulation I was thinking along the same lines as Ric, a drop of water or something. I was going to use a ton of small objects instead of learning to manipulate verticies, but I suppose it's something I'll need to do eventually.

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Phaelax

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 08:38

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Quote: "I've got to learn about vertex manipulation first - anyone know of any tutorials on this?"

Using only DBP commands, it would be too slow through memblocks. I vote on the the use of Dmitry's DLL. Lets you manipulate a model's data internally in real-time.
http://forum.thegamecreators.com/?m=forum_view&t=39906&b=5

"eureka" - Archimedes

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 09:20

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you guys should rly post your pool stuff on the forum i made for it lol

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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Ric

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Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 09:38

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I'd rather keep plugins and wrappers out of these challenges - it makes them less accessable if people can't just paste the code snippet and run it.

As with all the raw code here, people can always add media, convert to work with plugins, etc. if that's what they want to use it for.

By the way - I added Azreal's motion blur effect to the pool code when you strike the cue ball - quite cool looking!:

REM Project: Billiards Physics

if check display mode(1024,768,32)=1 then set display mode 1024,768,32
sync on:sync rate 45
hide mouse
autocam off
position camera 0,40,-300
color backdrop 0
hide light 0
set ambient light 1
make light 1
position light 1,-500,500,-500
set light range 1,10000

`these 7 lines by Azriel - motion blur
alpha# = 255
set camera to image 0,1000,1024,1024
set camera aspect 1024/768
sprite 1,0,0,1000
set sprite 1,0,1
set sprite alpha 1,alpha#
size sprite 1,1024,768

global power#
power#=100.0

global dim ball_speed#(16)

global hit

global cueball_speed#

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
make_target()

do

position_camera()

if hit=0 then aim_cueball()

if mouseclick()=1 and hit=0
     hit=1
     ball_speed#(16)=power#/40.0
   endif

if hit=1
     blur=1
     if alpha#<253 then inc alpha#,1
     collide_with_cushions()
     collide_with_balls()
     move_balls()
   else
     blur=0:focussing=0
   endif

if blur=1 and focussing=0
   alpha#=2
   focussing=1
   endif
   set sprite alpha 1,alpha#
   sprite 1,0,0,1000

update_shadows()

`text 0,0,str$(screen fps())

sync
loop
end

function rotate_x(object,angle#)
   xrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle x(object))
endfunction

function rotate_y(object,angle#)
   yrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle y(object))
   `zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+abs(90-object angle x(object))+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rotate_z(object,angle#)
   zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*11
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,11,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-11,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction

function make_pool_table()
for x=0 to 10
for y=0 to 10
ink RGB(50+x*20,50+(y+x)*10,50),0
dot x,y
next y
next x
get image 20,0,0,10,10

make object plain 20,500,1000
      xrotate object 20,-90
      yrotate object 20,-180
      texture object 20,20
      set object emissive 20,rgb(50,50,10)
      make object box 21,15,15,1030
      texture object 21,20
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      texture object 22,20
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      texture object 23,20
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      texture object 24,20
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5

ink rgb(255,255,255),0
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

make object sphere 16,20,20,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0

for ball=1 to 16
     set object specular ball,rgb(200,200,200)
     set object specular power ball,25
     set object emissive ball,rgb(50,50,10)
     make object sphere ball+30,20,20,20
     color object ball+30,0
     scale object ball+30,150,1,100
     yrotate object ball+30,-45
     ghost object on ball+30,4

next ball

endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

function make_target()

make object sphere 17,3
`hide object 17

endfunction

function position_camera()

if hit=1 then smoothness=200 else smoothness=20
position camera curvevalue(object position x(16),camera position x(),50),100,curvevalue(object position z(16),camera position z(),50)
yrotate camera curveangle(object angle y(16),camera angle y(),smoothness)
move camera -5

endfunction

function aim_cueball()

yrotate object 16,object angle y(16)+mousemovex()/3.0
power#=power#-mousemovey()
position object 17,object position x(16),object position y(16),object position z(16)
yrotate object 17,object angle y(16)
move object 17,power#

line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)-10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)+10,
line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)+10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)-10,

endfunction

function collide_with_cushions()

for ball=1 to 16

if object position x(ball)>240 or object position x(ball)<-240
    if object position x(ball)>240 then x#=240
    if object position x(ball)<-240 then x#=-240
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,object angle y(ball)*-1
  endif

if object position z(ball)>490 or object position z(ball)<-490
    if object position z(ball)>490 then z#=490
    if object position z(ball)<-490 then z#=-490
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,(object angle y(ball)*-1)+180
  endif

next ball

endfunction

function update_shadows()

for ball=1 to 16
position object ball+30,object position x(ball)+8,object position y(ball)-9,object position z(ball)+8
next ball

endfunction

function find_distance(x1#,z1#,x2#,z2#)
distance#=sqrt(((x2#-x1#)*(x2#-x1#))+((z2#-z1#)*(z2#-z1#)))
endfunction distance#

function find_bearing(object1,object2)
objectbearing#=atanfull(object position x(object2)-object position x(object1),object position z(object2)-object position z(object1))
endfunction objectbearing#

function collide_with_balls()

n=0
`go through all every ball

for object=1 to 16

`and text for collision against every other ball
`except combinations already checked (n-values)

for target=1+n to 16

if object=target

else

distance#=find_distance(object position x(object),object position z(object),object position x(target),object position z(target))

if distance#<20

move object object,-(20-distance#)

remstart
    -------------------------------------------------------------
    ioa#: initial object angle
    foa#: finial object angle
    ita#: initial target angle
    fta#: final target angle

bearing# is the angle between object and target's centres, and defines the p-direction
    the normal to this line is the q-direction

iovp#, iovq#: initial object velocity in p and q directions
    fovp#, fovq#: final object velocity in p and q directions
    itvp#, itvq#: initial target velocity in p and q directions
    ftvp#, ftvq#: final target velocity in p and q directions

ioa_p#: angle between ioa# and p-direction
    ita_p#: angle between ita# and p-direction
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    remend

`get object and target initial angles
    ioa#=wrapvalue(object angle y(object))
    ita#=wrapvalue(object angle y(target))

`get bearing between object and target
    bearing#=find_bearing(object,target)

velo#=ball_speed#(object)
    velt#=ball_speed#(target)

`Work out the new velocities of the balls using trig
    `These four lines by Hamish McHaggis
    velX1# = SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velY1# = COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velX2# = SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#
    velY2# = COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#

`work out final angles and rotate
    foa#=atanfull(velX1#,velY1#)
    fta#=atanfull(velX2#,velY2#)

fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,-foa#
    yrotate object target,-fta#
    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,foa#
    yrotate object target,fta#

`Pythagurus gives the resultant velocities
    ball_speed#(object)=sqrt(velX1#^2+velY1#^2)
    ball_speed#(target)=sqrt(velX2#^2+velY2#^2)

endif
  endif

next target
  inc n
next object

endfunction

function move_balls()

stopped=0
for ball=1 to 16

vx#=ball_speed#(ball)*sin(object angle y(ball))
vz#=ball_speed#(ball)*cos(object angle y(ball))

x#=object position x(ball)
z#=object position z(ball)

inc x#,vx#
inc z#,vz#

position object ball,x#,10,z#

xrotate object ball,object angle x(ball)+vx#
zrotate object ball,object angle z(ball)+vz#

ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.992
if ball_speed#(ball)<0.1 then ball_speed#(ball)=0:inc stopped
next ball

if stopped=16 then hit=0

endfunction

+ Code Snippet

REM Project: Billiards Physics

if check display mode(1024,768,32)=1 then set display mode 1024,768,32
sync on:sync rate 45
hide mouse
autocam off
position camera 0,40,-300
color backdrop 0
hide light 0
set ambient light 1
make light 1
position light 1,-500,500,-500
set light range 1,10000

`these 7 lines by Azriel - motion blur
alpha# = 255
set camera to image 0,1000,1024,1024
set camera aspect 1024/768
sprite 1,0,0,1000
set sprite 1,0,1
set sprite alpha 1,alpha#
size sprite 1,1024,768

global power#
power#=100.0

global dim ball_speed#(16)

global hit

global cueball_speed#

make_pool_balls()
make_pool_table()
rack_balls()
make_target()

do

   position_camera()

   if hit=0 then aim_cueball()

   if mouseclick()=1 and hit=0
     hit=1
     ball_speed#(16)=power#/40.0
   endif


   if hit=1
     blur=1
     if alpha#<253 then inc alpha#,1
     collide_with_cushions()
     collide_with_balls()
     move_balls()
   else
     blur=0:focussing=0
   endif

   if blur=1 and focussing=0
   alpha#=2
   focussing=1
   endif
   set sprite alpha 1,alpha#
   sprite 1,0,0,1000

   update_shadows()

   `text 0,0,str$(screen fps())

   sync
loop
end

function rotate_x(object,angle#)
   xrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle x(object))
endfunction

function rotate_y(object,angle#)
   yrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle y(object))
   `zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+abs(90-object angle x(object))+object angle z(object))
endfunction

function rotate_z(object,angle#)
   zrotate object object,wrapvalue(angle#+object angle z(object))
endfunction


function rack_balls()
   fact#=sqrt(3.0)*11
   position object 1,0,10,250
   position object 9,11,10,250+fact#
   position object 10,-11,10,250+fact#
   position object 2,22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 8,0,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 3,-22,10,250+fact#*2.0
   position object 11,33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 12,11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 4,-11,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 13,-33,10,250+fact#*3.0
   position object 5,44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 14,22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 6,0,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 15,-22,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 7,-44,10,250+fact#*4.0
   position object 16,0,10,-250
endfunction


function make_pool_table()
for x=0 to 10
for y=0 to 10
ink RGB(50+x*20,50+(y+x)*10,50),0
dot x,y
next y
next x
get image 20,0,0,10,10

   make object plain 20,500,1000
      xrotate object 20,-90
      yrotate object 20,-180
      texture object 20,20
      set object emissive 20,rgb(50,50,10)
      make object box 21,15,15,1030
      texture object 21,20
      position object 21,-257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 22,15,15,1030
      texture object 22,20
      position object 22,257.5,7.5,0
   make object box 23,500,15,15
      texture object 23,20
      position object 23,0,7.5,-507.5
   make object box 24,500,15,15
      texture object 24,20
      position object 24,0,7.5,507.5

ink rgb(255,255,255),0
endfunction

function make_pool_balls()
   for i=1 to 8
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      select i
         case 1:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 2:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 3:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 4:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 5:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 6:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 7:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
         case 8:ink RGB(0,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      box 0,0,128,128:solid_circle(64,64,7,RGB(250,250,200)):ink 0,0:text 60,57,str$(i)
      get image i,0,30,127,97
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i
width1#=20
for i=9 to 15
      make object sphere i,20,20,20
      ink rgb(250,250,200),0
      box 0,0,128,128
      select i
         case 9:ink RGB(255,255,0),0:endcase
         case 10:ink RGB(0,0,255),0:endcase
         case 11:ink RGB(255,128,64),0:endcase
         case 12:ink RGB(156,0,223),0:endcase
         case 13:ink RGB(128,0,64),0:endcase
         case 14:ink RGB(0,128,64),0:endcase
         case 15:ink RGB(202,0,0),0:endcase
      endselect
      for u=0 to 128
         for v=0 to 128
            width2#=width1#/(cos(abs(v-63)*180.0/50.0)*2.0)
            if abs(u-32)<=width2# then dot u,v
            if abs(u-96)<=width2# then dot u,v
            box 0,0,128,40
            box 0,86,128,128
         next v
      next u
      ink 0,0
      if i=9
         text 60,57,str$(i)
      else
         text 56,57,str$(i)
      endif
      get image i,0,35,127,92
      texture object i,i
      position object i,i*20-150,10,0
   next i

   make object sphere 16,20,20,20
   ink rgb(250,250,200),0
   box 0,0,128,128
   get image 16,0,35,127,92
   texture object 16,16
   position object 16,16*20-150,10,0


   for ball=1 to 16
     set object specular ball,rgb(200,200,200)
     set object specular power ball,25
     set object emissive ball,rgb(50,50,10)
     make object sphere ball+30,20,20,20
     color object ball+30,0
     scale object ball+30,150,1,100
     yrotate object ball+30,-45
     ghost object on ball+30,4

   next ball

endfunction

function solid_circle(x,y,radius,color)
lock pixels
ptr=get pixels pointer()
this=get pixels pitch()
that =bitmap depth()/8
for i=1 to radius*2
   for j=1 to radius*2
      pointer=ptr+((y+j-radius)*this)+(x-radius+i)*that
      if (radius-i)^2+(radius-j)^2<=radius^2 then *pointer=color
   next j
next i
unlock pixels
endfunction

function make_target()

make object sphere 17,3
`hide object 17

endfunction

function position_camera()

if hit=1 then smoothness=200 else smoothness=20
position camera curvevalue(object position x(16),camera position x(),50),100,curvevalue(object position z(16),camera position z(),50)
yrotate camera curveangle(object angle y(16),camera angle y(),smoothness)
move camera -5

endfunction

function aim_cueball()

yrotate object 16,object angle y(16)+mousemovex()/3.0
power#=power#-mousemovey()
position object 17,object position x(16),object position y(16),object position z(16)
yrotate object 17,object angle y(16)
move object 17,power#

line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)-10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)+10,
line object screen x(17)-10,object screen y(17)+10,object screen x(17)+10,object screen y(17)-10,

endfunction


function collide_with_cushions()

for ball=1 to 16

  if object position x(ball)>240 or object position x(ball)<-240
    if object position x(ball)>240 then x#=240
    if object position x(ball)<-240 then x#=-240
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,object angle y(ball)*-1
  endif

  if object position z(ball)>490 or object position z(ball)<-490
    if object position z(ball)>490 then z#=490
    if object position z(ball)<-490 then z#=-490
    ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.95
    yrotate object ball,(object angle y(ball)*-1)+180
  endif

next ball

endfunction

function update_shadows()

for ball=1 to 16
position object ball+30,object position x(ball)+8,object position y(ball)-9,object position z(ball)+8
next ball

endfunction

function find_distance(x1#,z1#,x2#,z2#)
distance#=sqrt(((x2#-x1#)*(x2#-x1#))+((z2#-z1#)*(z2#-z1#)))
endfunction distance#

function find_bearing(object1,object2)
objectbearing#=atanfull(object position x(object2)-object position x(object1),object position z(object2)-object position z(object1))
endfunction objectbearing#

function collide_with_balls()

n=0
`go through all every ball

for object=1 to 16

`and text for collision against every other ball
`except combinations already checked (n-values)

  for target=1+n to 16

  if object=target

  else

  distance#=find_distance(object position x(object),object position z(object),object position x(target),object position z(target))

  if distance#<20

    move object object,-(20-distance#)

    remstart
    -------------------------------------------------------------
    ioa#: initial object angle
    foa#: finial object angle
    ita#: initial target angle
    fta#: final target angle

    bearing# is the angle between object and target's centres, and defines the p-direction
    the normal to this line is the q-direction

    iovp#, iovq#: initial object velocity in p and q directions
    fovp#, fovq#: final object velocity in p and q directions
    itvp#, itvq#: initial target velocity in p and q directions
    ftvp#, ftvq#: final target velocity in p and q directions

    ioa_p#: angle between ioa# and p-direction
    ita_p#: angle between ita# and p-direction
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    remend

    `get object and target initial angles
    ioa#=wrapvalue(object angle y(object))
    ita#=wrapvalue(object angle y(target))

    `get bearing between object and target
    bearing#=find_bearing(object,target)

    velo#=ball_speed#(object)
    velt#=ball_speed#(target)

    `Work out the new velocities of the balls using trig
    `These four lines by Hamish McHaggis
    velX1# = SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velY1# = COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ioa#))*velo#+COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ita#)*velt#
    velX2# = SIN(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+SIN(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#
    velY2# = COS(bearing#)*COS(bearing#-ioa#)*velo#+COS(bearing#+90)*SIN(360-(bearing#-ita#))*velt#

    `work out final angles and rotate
    foa#=atanfull(velX1#,velY1#)
    fta#=atanfull(velX2#,velY2#)

    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,-foa#
    yrotate object target,-fta#
    fix object pivot object
    fix object pivot target
    yrotate object object,foa#
    yrotate object target,fta#

    `Pythagurus gives the resultant velocities
    ball_speed#(object)=sqrt(velX1#^2+velY1#^2)
    ball_speed#(target)=sqrt(velX2#^2+velY2#^2)

    endif
  endif

  next target
  inc n
next object

endfunction

function move_balls()

stopped=0
for ball=1 to 16

vx#=ball_speed#(ball)*sin(object angle y(ball))
vz#=ball_speed#(ball)*cos(object angle y(ball))

x#=object position x(ball)
z#=object position z(ball)

inc x#,vx#
inc z#,vz#

position object ball,x#,10,z#

xrotate object ball,object angle x(ball)+vx#
zrotate object ball,object angle z(ball)+vz#

ball_speed#(ball)=ball_speed#(ball)*0.992
if ball_speed#(ball)<0.1 then ball_speed#(ball)=0:inc stopped
next ball

if stopped=16 then hit=0

endfunction

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Profile PM Email Website

KimoSabi

19

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 18th Jan 2005

Location:

Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 10:42

Link

@Ric i dont rly want to be mean or anything but please post on pool post :/ but i do agree with for this forum about the plugins etc.
but for the pool game we can use media cause it is a community project

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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Ric

20

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 11th Jul 2004

Location: object position x

Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 10:57

Link

Sorry Kimo! How are your springs coming along? Be nice to see you enter something into this one!

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Coding Fodder

21

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 25th Sep 2003

Location: Somewhere in my cerebralcortex

Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 12:27 Edited at: 3rd Mar 2005 12:31

Link

hey ric. Check out my post for the weather challenge. The terrain that I made is my own object that I manipulate the vertex data of. There is a pile of functions in there that I wrote to change vertex data of objects. have fun..

[edit] And yes they are pretty fast. I did a little water thing with them myself a few mo ago and I got 400 fps changing xyz locations normal and uv coordinates of 600 vertices every loop.

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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Chris64

20

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 16th Oct 2004

Location: San Diego

Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 13:35

Link

OK...this has nothing to do with anything...but it is something I wrote thanks to our little projects. Thanks to Phaelax for point out the Set Object Pivot command. I will actually use this instead of EZrotate for everything but Camera's. Maybe someone can look at it and suggest something.

Anyway, Here's a potential solution to solve Euler rotation problems. It's a simple function to rotate an object on a global axis. The only catch is that the Z axis needs to be sent as a Difference...it was either that or require a gloabl variable and since you may want several of these functions, this was the better alternative.

Tell me what you think.

sync on

rotx#=0
roty#=0
rotz#=0
make object box 1,10,1,20
position object 1,0,-10,0

make object box 2,10,1,20
position object 2,0,10,0
position camera 0,0,-50
point camera 0,0,0

do
   erotz#=rotz#
   if spacekey() then rotz#=0
   if leftkey() then rotz#=wrapvalue(rotz#-.3)
   if rightkey() then rotz#=wrapvalue(rotz#+.3)
   if upkey() then rotx#=wrapvalue(rotx#-.3)
   if downkey() then rotx#=wrapvalue(rotx#+.3)

set cursor 0,0
   Print "Angles:"
   Print "X: "+str$(rotx#)
   Print "Y: "+str$(roty#)
   Print "Z: "+str$(rotz#)
   Print "Use left, right, up down to modify angles"
   roty#=roty#+.1

set cursor object screen x(1),object screen y(1)
   print "Standard Rotation"
   rotate object 1,rotx#,roty#,rotz#

set cursor object screen x(2),object screen y(2)
   print "EulerSux Function"
   EulerSux(2,rotx#,roty#,rotz#-erotz#)

sync
loop

Function EulerSux(ObjectID,xang#,yang#,zangdiff#)
   if zangdiff#<>0
      rotate object ObjectID,0,0,zangdiff#
      fix object pivot ObjectID
   endif
   rotate object ObjectID,xang#,yang#,0
Endfunction

+ Code Snippet

sync on

rotx#=0
roty#=0
rotz#=0
make object box 1,10,1,20
position object 1,0,-10,0

make object box 2,10,1,20
position object 2,0,10,0
position camera 0,0,-50
point camera 0,0,0

do
   erotz#=rotz#
   if spacekey() then rotz#=0
   if leftkey() then rotz#=wrapvalue(rotz#-.3)
   if rightkey() then rotz#=wrapvalue(rotz#+.3)
   if upkey() then rotx#=wrapvalue(rotx#-.3)
   if downkey() then rotx#=wrapvalue(rotx#+.3)

   set cursor 0,0
   Print "Angles:"
   Print "X: "+str$(rotx#)
   Print "Y: "+str$(roty#)
   Print "Z: "+str$(rotz#)
   Print "Use left, right, up down to modify angles"
   roty#=roty#+.1

   set cursor object screen x(1),object screen y(1)
   print "Standard Rotation"
   rotate object 1,rotx#,roty#,rotz#

   set cursor object screen x(2),object screen y(2)
   print "EulerSux Function"
   EulerSux(2,rotx#,roty#,rotz#-erotz#)

   sync
loop

Function EulerSux(ObjectID,xang#,yang#,zangdiff#)
   if zangdiff#<>0
      rotate object ObjectID,0,0,zangdiff#
      fix object pivot ObjectID
   endif
   rotate object ObjectID,xang#,yang#,0
Endfunction

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Coding Fodder

21

Years of Service

User Offline

Joined: 25th Sep 2003

Location: Somewhere in my cerebralcortex

Posted: 3rd Mar 2005 23:08

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Chris I can't wait to try it! but it looks like I have to. Like the name of your function

Something really catchy that makes people stop and think about the meaning of life and say to themselves "My but thats clever"

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 01:03

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yes Ric i am working on springs but im having trouble

and im busy trying to make a CD im trying to convince rick to help sell it (it is going to be like top 50 addicting games or something) but im hoping for the best

i'll try to get that springs done tonight *sigh* <<also my parents are starting to worry about me being on the computer constantly which really sucks cause i know this is what i want to do with my life *sigh again* lol>>

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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RiiDii

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 01:15

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I'm understanding most of this spring formula (after all, it's not all that complicated), but I'm having trouble wrapping my brain around how change the springiness (K#?) when the objects are too close or too far. For example, if I take a spring and try to squish it down, I can't squish into negative space, I can only squish it until the coils are (eventually) touching.

Question: Is this a simple limit setting (i.e. If x#<2 then x#=2) or is there some type of exponential function that would keep the spring from inverting?

I can already grasp that I would have to apply the Force# value to my puller (usually the mouse), but beyond this... maybe I'm overworking the problem again? Help?

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Ric

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 02:00 Edited at: 4th Mar 2005 02:08

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Quote: "Is this a simple limit setting (i.e. If x#<2 then x#=2)"

For springs, yes. The force on a normal spring will always be proportional to the extension or the compression - so no exponentional functions needed - the maximum compression when the coils touch will be just like if you had a maximum extension due to some object getting in the way - it just puts a cap on the extension.

<edit> Having said that - if you're simulating intermolecular forces as with surface tension, then spring theory is a bit of an approximation, and there are actually exponential forces involved. In a simulation of fluid, though, you will probably get pretty good results just using spring theory.

@ Chris - looks interesting - I'll give it a try.

@Kimo - tuh, parents...... mind you, I do a fair amount of my coding on paper. You don't have to be at the PC for everything.

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KimoSabi

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 02:53

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yes i know i do alot of my coding on paper to but than i end up forgetting some command or (because of sloppy writing lol) i cant read my writing and i have to test a bunch of times to get it right but yes i know actually im at school right now writing some spring stuff

I must say I am quite a »»ç¶´¬¬Géñíú§¬¬´¶««

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Phaelax

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 07:10

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I was beginning to worry that noone was doing the springs. To control the amount of springyness, adjust the coefficient and the mass. The mass alone can get quite different effects.
One idea I had was showing a simulation of a car's independent wheel suspension. Unfortunately, the graphics wouldn't be very accurate as there is no 3D spring primitive.

"eureka" - Archimedes

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RiiDii

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 08:22 Edited at: 4th Mar 2005 10:59

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Here's a start for you Phaelax. Can't work on it too much at work. Please finish it (I think my limb angles are screwy).

Sync On
Sync Rate 60
Autocam Off
Spring_Primitive(1,6,20,4)

Position Object 1,0,-15,15
Do
   Move Camera Upkey()-Downkey()
   Turn Camera Left Leftkey()-RightKey()
   Sync
Loop

Function Spring_Primitive(ObjectID,coils#,height#,radius#)
   Make Object Cylinder ObjectID,1
   Pitch Object Down ObjectID,90
   Fix Object Pivot ObjectID
   Make Mesh From Object ObjectID,ObjectID
   Pitch Object Up ObjectID,90
   Fix Object Pivot ObjectID
   OffSet Limb ObjectID,0,sin(360)*radius#,0,cos(360)*radius#
   For i# = 1.0 to 360.0
      Add Limb ObjectID,i#,ObjectID
      OffSet Limb ObjectID,i#,sin(i#*coils#)*radius#,i#*(height#/360.0),cos(i#*coils#)*radius#
      plimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,i#-1)
      plimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,i#-1)
      plimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,i#-1)
      nlimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,i#)
      nlimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,i#)
      nlimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,i#)
      dx#=nlimbx#-plimbx#:dy#=nlimby#-plimby#:dz#=nlimbz#-plimbz#
      d#=sqrt((dx#*dx#)+(dy#*dy#)+(dz#*dz#))
      Rotate Limb ObjectID,i#,-Atanfull(dy#,d#),Atanfull(dx#,dz#),0
   Next i#
   plimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,1)
   plimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,1)
   plimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,1)
   nlimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,0)
   nlimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,0)
   nlimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,0)
   d#=sqrt((dx#*dx#)+(dy#*dy#)+(dz#*dz#))
   dx#=nlimbx#-plimbx#:dy#=nlimby#-plimby#:dz#=nlimbz#-plimbz#
   Rotate Limb ObjectID,0,90-Atanfull(dy#,d#),Atanfull(dx#,dz#),0
   Delete Mesh ObjectID
   Make Mesh From Object ObjectID,ObjectID
   Delete Object ObjectID
   Make Object ObjectID,ObjectID,0
EndFunction

+ Code Snippet

Sync On
Sync Rate 60
Autocam Off
Spring_Primitive(1,6,20,4)

Position Object 1,0,-15,15
Do
   Move Camera Upkey()-Downkey()
   Turn Camera Left Leftkey()-RightKey()
   Sync
Loop


Function Spring_Primitive(ObjectID,coils#,height#,radius#)
   Make Object Cylinder ObjectID,1
   Pitch Object Down ObjectID,90
   Fix Object Pivot ObjectID
   Make Mesh From Object ObjectID,ObjectID
   Pitch Object Up ObjectID,90
   Fix Object Pivot ObjectID
   OffSet Limb ObjectID,0,sin(360)*radius#,0,cos(360)*radius#
   For i# = 1.0 to 360.0
      Add Limb ObjectID,i#,ObjectID
      OffSet Limb ObjectID,i#,sin(i#*coils#)*radius#,i#*(height#/360.0),cos(i#*coils#)*radius#
      plimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,i#-1)
      plimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,i#-1)
      plimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,i#-1)
      nlimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,i#)
      nlimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,i#)
      nlimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,i#)
      dx#=nlimbx#-plimbx#:dy#=nlimby#-plimby#:dz#=nlimbz#-plimbz#
      d#=sqrt((dx#*dx#)+(dy#*dy#)+(dz#*dz#))
      Rotate Limb ObjectID,i#,-Atanfull(dy#,d#),Atanfull(dx#,dz#),0
   Next i#
   plimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,1)
   plimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,1)
   plimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,1)
   nlimbx#=Limb Position X(ObjectID,0)
   nlimby#=Limb Position Y(ObjectID,0)
   nlimbz#=Limb Position Z(ObjectID,0)
   d#=sqrt((dx#*dx#)+(dy#*dy#)+(dz#*dz#))
   dx#=nlimbx#-plimbx#:dy#=nlimby#-plimby#:dz#=nlimbz#-plimbz#
   Rotate Limb ObjectID,0,90-Atanfull(dy#,d#),Atanfull(dx#,dz#),0
   Delete Mesh ObjectID
   Make Mesh From Object ObjectID,ObjectID
   Delete Object ObjectID
   Make Object ObjectID,ObjectID,0
EndFunction

Edit: Fixed!

"Droids don't rip your arms off when they lose." -H. Solo

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Ric

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Posted: 4th Mar 2005 08:36 Edited at: 4th Mar 2005 08:39

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And hence a future challenge is spawned.

<edit> - Ooh - 300th post!

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